Mature anthers from WT and des1 plants were collected and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde (pH 7.2) for 24 h, fixed in 1% OsO4 in phosphate buffer solution, and dehydrated with an ethanol series. Ultra-thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and aqueous lead citrate solution, and then examined with a Hitachi H-7650 transmission electron microscope. For scanning electron microscopy, the mature anthers and pistils were fixed overnight with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (pH 7.2), rinsed three times using 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution, fixed in 1% OsO4 for 1.5 h, and dehydrated through an ethanol series. Subsequently, the samples were subjected to CO2 critical point drying, plated with gold by a sputter coater, and observed with a Hitachi TM-1000 scanning electron microscope.
Tm 1000 scanning electron microscope
Manufactured by Hitachi
Sourced in Japan
The TM-1000 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) manufactured by Hitachi. It is designed to provide high-resolution images of a wide range of samples by scanning the surface with a focused electron beam. The TM-1000 is capable of magnifications up to 10,000x and offers a simple and user-friendly operation.
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Lab products found in correlation
Autosamdri 815 critical point dryer, by Tousimis (3 mentions)
M125 stereomicroscope, by Leica (2 mentions)
Dfc290, by Leica (2 mentions)
H 7650 transmission electron microscope, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Em cpd300, by Leica (1 mentions)
Em ace200, by Leica (1 mentions)
Vector 22 spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Jem 1230 transmission electron microscope, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Multimodenanoscope 8, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Microtome, by Leica (1 mentions)
Cytochrome c from horse heart, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Model p 2000, by Sutter Instruments (1 mentions)
Model p 87, by Sutter Instruments (1 mentions)
Tg 209 f1 thermal analyzer, by Netzsch (1 mentions)
Glutaraldehyde, by Carl Roth (1 mentions)
Q150r es, by Quorum Technologies (1 mentions)
Dp70 ccd camera, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Evo 60 scanning electron microscope, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Bx51 optical microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Accupyc 1330 helium pycnometer, by Micromeritics (1 mentions)
22 protocols using tm 1000 scanning electron microscope
1
Ultrastructural Analysis of Anther Development
2
Dialyzer Fiber Clotting Evaluation
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Following the circulation experiments, dialyzers were filled with 2.5% glutaraldehyde overnight, rinsed with isotonic saline, and opened with a saw. Individual fibers were removed and incubated in an ascending ethanol series (30% - 100%). Fibers were cut lengthwise with a scalpel under a microscope, fixed on a sample holder, sputtered with gold, and examined using a TM-1000 scanning electron microscope (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). A semiquantitative scoring system was employed to assess clot formation on the inner surface of the fibers as previously described [4 (link)]. Using a scale ranging from 0 to 4, (i) the area covered by the adhering cells or clots, (ii) formation of fibrin nets, (iii) presence of red blood cell aggregates, and (iv) adhesion of platelets were evaluated on 11–22 fibers per filter, and individual scores were added to obtain a total dialyzer clotting score.
3
Preparing Botanical Specimens for SEM Imaging
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Individual calyces and bracts were submerged in two mL of 3.5% v/v formaldehyde in 0.025 M PIPES buffer. Samples were rotated overnight, followed by three rinses with 0.025 M PIPES buffer. Samples underwent ethanol ascensions of 30, 50, 70, 80, 95, and 100% for 30 min each, with three additional 100% ethanol rinses. Next, samples were critical-point dried with solvent-substituted CO2 (Leica EM CPD300, Leica Microsystems, Concord, ON, Canada). Samples were mounted on aluminum stubs with carbon mounts and rotary coated with 4 nm gold layer (Leica EM ACE200, Leica Microsystems, Concord, Canada). Samples were imaged under vacuum with a Hitachi TM-1000 scanning electron microscope operated at 15 kV (Hitachi Ltd., Chiyoda City, Japan).
4
Characterization of MgONFs using XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM
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The presence of nanoparticles in the solution mixture was verified using a UV-VIS spectrometer according to the method of Nemade et al. [11 (link)]. Furthermore, characterization of the MgONFs were carried out as described by Li et al. [22 (link)]. In detail, the purity of the phase was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis using an XPert PRO diffractometer (Holland) with a detector operating under a voltage of 45.0 kV and a current of 20.0 mA with Cu-Kα radiation. The recording range of 2θ was 20° to 80°. The average crystallite size from XRD was calculated using Scherrer equation [23 ]. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded in the range of 4000-400 cm−1 on a Vector 22 spectrometer (Bruker, Germany). The morphology was examined with a TM-1000 scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Hitachi, Japan) and a JEM-1230 transmission electron microscope (TEM) (JEOL, Japan).
5
Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging
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SEM
images were obtained on a Hitachi TM-1000 scanning electron microscope
(Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV and a magnification from
100 to 10 000× with a resolution of 30 nm. The SEM images
were treated using the ImageJ software (version 1.8.0_112).
images were obtained on a Hitachi TM-1000 scanning electron microscope
(Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV and a magnification from
100 to 10 000× with a resolution of 30 nm. The SEM images
were treated using the ImageJ software (version 1.8.0_112).
6
Characterizing Filtration Material Deposits
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The structure
of deposits formed on the fibers of the filtration material was investigated
using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy
(AFM). These techniques provide information about the character of
coating (homogeneous, continuous, rough, or smooth) at the microscopic
level and also help to explain the observed results of the materials’
wettability measured in the macroscale. The scanning electron microscopy
images were obtained using a Hitachi TM-1000 scanning electron microscope.
The analysis of surface topography was carried out using a MultiMode
Nanoscope 8 (Bruker) atomic force microscope. In all experiments,
ACSTA probes (AppNano) were applied (nominal spring constant 7.8 N/m,
nominal frequency 150 kHz). All measurements were performed in ambient
conditions on dry samples. The analysis of sample surface scans with
the AFM enabled determining the values of three parameters: average
roughness (Ra), root-mean-square roughness
(Rq), and maximum profile height (Rt), which characterize the geometry of the surface
structure.
of deposits formed on the fibers of the filtration material was investigated
using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy
(AFM). These techniques provide information about the character of
coating (homogeneous, continuous, rough, or smooth) at the microscopic
level and also help to explain the observed results of the materials’
wettability measured in the macroscale. The scanning electron microscopy
images were obtained using a Hitachi TM-1000 scanning electron microscope.
The analysis of surface topography was carried out using a MultiMode
Nanoscope 8 (Bruker) atomic force microscope. In all experiments,
ACSTA probes (AppNano) were applied (nominal spring constant 7.8 N/m,
nominal frequency 150 kHz). All measurements were performed in ambient
conditions on dry samples. The analysis of sample surface scans with
the AFM enabled determining the values of three parameters: average
roughness (Ra), root-mean-square roughness
(Rq), and maximum profile height (Rt), which characterize the geometry of the surface
structure.
7
Grain Morphology and Microstructure Analysis
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Fully filled seeds were used to measure grain length, width, thickness, and 1000-grain weight. For microscopy, fresh spikelet hulls were collected and fixed in 50% FAA (5% glacial acetic acid, 5% formaldehyde, and 70% ethanol) and 2.5% glutaraldehyde (30.5% 2 M Na2HPO4, 19.5% 2 M NaH2PO4, and 2.5% glutaraldehyde) for paraffin sectioning and SEM observation. For observation of paraffin sections, samples treated with FAA solution were dehydrated in a graded ethanol series and embedded in paraffin. Sections (5 μm) were prepared using a microtome (Leica), stained with toluidine blue, and observed under a microscope (90I, Nikon). For SEM analysis, samples fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution were dehydrated in an ethanol series, sprayed with gold particles, and observed under a Hitachi model TM-1000 scanning electron microscope.
8
Characterizing Porous Materials through Tensile Testing
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The microstructures of the obtained porous samples were characterized with a TM-1000 scanning electron microscope (Hitachi). Prior to imaging, the samples were fractured in liquid nitrogen, dried at 60°C and covered with a thin gold layer by vapor deposition. The observation was performed on the fractured surface.
Tensile loading measurements on parallelepipedal samples of about 30×5×0.5 mm were performed using an Instron 5565 apparatus. In the linear elastic regime, the dependence of the axial force F with the axial strain was obtained and treated according to Hooke's law:
where σ = F/S is the axial stress, S the initial cross-section area of the sample, and ε = (L-L0)/L0 with L0 and L the sample's length before and during the test, respectively.
Tensile loading measurements on parallelepipedal samples of about 30×5×0.5 mm were performed using an Instron 5565 apparatus. In the linear elastic regime, the dependence of the axial force F with the axial strain was obtained and treated according to Hooke's law:
where σ = F/S is the axial stress, S the initial cross-section area of the sample, and ε = (L-L0)/L0 with L0 and L the sample's length before and during the test, respectively.
9
Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Oligonucleotides
10
Characterization of Graphene Oxide and Active Graphene
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The surface functional groups of graphene oxide (GO) and active graphene (JZGO) were analyzed by a Varian 640 infrared spectrometer, Varian Co., Atlanta, GA, USA. The test wavelength range was 400–4000 cm−1, the test resolution was 4 cm−1, and the scanning frequency was 32 times. The samples were analyzed by inVia-Reflex laser microscopy Raman spectroscopy. The excitation wavelength was 532 nm and the test range was 1000–3500 cm−1.
The crystallite sizes of the samples (GO and JZGO) and the change of the interlayer distance between the samples before and after the reaction were measured by D/max-2550VB+/PC X-ray diffractometer, Rigalcu Co., Tokyo, Japan. The test uses Cu-Kα radiation, tube pressure 40 kV, tube flow 200 mA, wavelength λ = 1.54 Å, and scanning angle range of 5–90°. The surface morphology of the samples was characterized by a HITACHI / TM-1000 scanning electron microscope, HITACHI, Tokyo, Japan. The thermogravimetric curve of the sample was measured by a TG 209 F1 thermal analyzer, NETZSCH Co., Selb, Germany. The temperature range was from room temperature to 900 °C under a gas atmosphere of N2 with a gas flow rate of 10 mL/min.
The crystallite sizes of the samples (GO and JZGO) and the change of the interlayer distance between the samples before and after the reaction were measured by D/max-2550VB+/PC X-ray diffractometer, Rigalcu Co., Tokyo, Japan. The test uses Cu-Kα radiation, tube pressure 40 kV, tube flow 200 mA, wavelength λ = 1.54 Å, and scanning angle range of 5–90°. The surface morphology of the samples was characterized by a HITACHI / TM-1000 scanning electron microscope, HITACHI, Tokyo, Japan. The thermogravimetric curve of the sample was measured by a TG 209 F1 thermal analyzer, NETZSCH Co., Selb, Germany. The temperature range was from room temperature to 900 °C under a gas atmosphere of N2 with a gas flow rate of 10 mL/min.
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