Doppler echocardiography was performed using the “Xario 100” scanner (Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan) with a 2.5 MHz sensor and detection of standard parameters. The systolic function and ejection fraction of the LV were assessed by M-mode echocardiography. The parameters of the hemodynamics at the valves were assessed by Doppler measurements. Relative left ventricular posterior wall thickness (RPWT) was detected by A. Ganau [19 (link)]. Left ventricular mass (LVM) detected by Devereux R.B [20 (link)]. Left ventricular myocardium mass index (LVMMI) was detected by P. Gosse [21 (link)].
Xario 100
Manufactured by Toshiba
Sourced in Japan
The Xario 100 is a compact and portable ultrasound system designed for general imaging applications. It provides high-quality imaging capabilities to support a range of diagnostic procedures.
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Lab products found in correlation
7 protocols using xario 100
1
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Structure
2
Parathyroid Gland Ultrasonography Evaluation
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Each US examination was performed using a Xario 100 or Xario XG system (Toshiba Medical Systems; Tokyo). A real-time scanner with a 7.5 MHz linear probe (Toshiba Medical Systems) was used to identify abnormal parathyroid glands. A careful examination of the parathyroid gland, thyroid gland, and surrounding tissues of the neck was performed. The sensitivity of the US was based on each diagnostic report written by a board-certificated radiologist or a head and neck surgeon.
3
Echocardiographic Assessment of Canine Cardiac Function
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Echocardiograms were performed and interpreted by a board-certified veterinary cardiologist (SMC) using a commercial ultrasound machine (Xario 100, Toshiba, Canon Medical Systems, USA). Dogs were not sedated. Left ventricular internal diastolic and systolic dimensions (LVIDd and LVIDs, respectively) and FS were obtained using 2D-guided M-mode from the right parasternal long-axis left ventricular outflow view. LVIDd and LVIDs were normalized for body weight (LVIDdN, LVIDsN) according to previously described methods [29 (link)]. Dogs were excluded from the study if pre-existing heart disease was identified on their initial echocardiogram.
4
Varicose Veins Risk Factors Assessment
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A questionnaire was used to collect the following data: subjects’ characteristics, e.g., sex, age, smoking, exercise; past medical history and family history; risk factors for VVs, e.g., pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, history of trauma or injury to the lower limbs; and occupational risk factors, e.g., number of daily working hours, static standing, walking, and sitting position, duration of employment, and department. Exercise was operationally defined as any bodily movement performed in order to develop or maintain physical fitness and overall health.[13 ]
Weight and height were measured then body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters (kg/m2). Obesity is defined as BMI greater than or equal to 30.[14 ] All nurses were referred to Radiology Department to be investigated by Doppler ultrasonography (Toshiba, Xario 100, Japan) for the diagnosis of varicose veins according to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guideline.[15 ]
Weight and height were measured then body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters (kg/m2). Obesity is defined as BMI greater than or equal to 30.[14 ] All nurses were referred to Radiology Department to be investigated by Doppler ultrasonography (Toshiba, Xario 100, Japan) for the diagnosis of varicose veins according to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guideline.[15 ]
5
Brachial Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation
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FMD was measured in the morning, after 10 min of lying in a quiet dimmed room using the Toshiba Xario 100. During the examination, the patients rested in a seated position with their forearms and backs supported. A manual sphygmomanometer cuff was placed on the arm without arteriovenous fistula and the diameter (lumen) of the brachial artery was measured with a linear transducer. The cuff was then inflated at approximately 50 mmHg above the current systolic pressure for 5 min [20 (link)]. After the deflation of the cuff, the serial measurements during diastole were recorded and the widest dilation of the brachial artery was used for FMD calculation: FMD% = (A − B)/B × 100%, where A is the diameter of the artery during reactive hyperemia, and B is the initial diameter of the artery.
Non-endothelial dependent vasodilation (NMD) was assessed after at least a 15-min rest from the FMD acquisition. Similarly to FMD measurements, vessel diameters were assessed before and after sublingual nitroglycerin (400 μg) application (Nitromint (glyceroli trinitras), Proterapia, Poland). Of importance, as we observed unexpected reduction of NMD values in some patients, we repeated all NMD measurements using a double dose of nitroglycerin, i.e., 800 μg, after approximately 6 months from the previous follow-up series.
Non-endothelial dependent vasodilation (NMD) was assessed after at least a 15-min rest from the FMD acquisition. Similarly to FMD measurements, vessel diameters were assessed before and after sublingual nitroglycerin (400 μg) application (Nitromint (glyceroli trinitras), Proterapia, Poland). Of importance, as we observed unexpected reduction of NMD values in some patients, we repeated all NMD measurements using a double dose of nitroglycerin, i.e., 800 μg, after approximately 6 months from the previous follow-up series.
6
First-Trimester Abdominal Ultrasound for Fatty Liver
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Abdominal ultrasound was performed in the first trimester under the supervision of a consultant radiologist with a Toshiba Xario 100 machine with colour Doppler, grayscale, power Doppler and spectral Doppler capabilities and curvilinear array transducer in the range of 2–5 MHz. Occasionally, a high-resolution linear array transducer in the range of 4–8 MHz was used to assess the liver surface. More than 5 images were taken from participants after 6 hours of fasting. The images were re-examined by consultant radiologists on the same monitor under the same lighting conditions. At the time of scanning, the radiologist (the fourth author) and main author were blinded to the patients’ clinical and laboratory data and unaware of previous reports. Diagnosis of FL was made using the ultrasound criteria for FL based on the findings of both radiologist and the main author.29 (link) When there was a disagreement between the two authors regarding the grade of FL, the final grade was decided based on the consensus.
7
Liver Disease Severity Assessment
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A detailed demographic and clinical information including age, gender, hematological and biochemical findings, liver disease severity, and ascites were recorded. The severity of the liver disease was noted on the basis of Child-Pugh Score whereas ascites was graded as none, mild, moderate and severe. Laboratory findings were evaluated using hemoglobin (Hb) count, platelet count, total leukocyte count (TLC), serum concentration of albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphate (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The seropositivity of hepatitis B and C virus were also evaluated with patient's history of alcohol intake and intravenous drug abuse.
Abdominal ultrasonography with high-resolution real-time ultrasound machines was performed in all patients using GE Voluson S8 and Xario 100, Toshiba using 3.5-MHz convex transducer. Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal system was performed using one endoscopic unit (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
The presence of esophageal varices grade III & IV was classified as LEVx positive while no varices or grade I & II were classified as LEVx negative.
Abdominal ultrasonography with high-resolution real-time ultrasound machines was performed in all patients using GE Voluson S8 and Xario 100, Toshiba using 3.5-MHz convex transducer. Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal system was performed using one endoscopic unit (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan).
The presence of esophageal varices grade III & IV was classified as LEVx positive while no varices or grade I & II were classified as LEVx negative.
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