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3 protocols using dt ce

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Modified DNA Oligonucleotides

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Protected 2′-deoxyribonucleoside-3′-phosphoramidites (PAC-dA-CE, Ac-dC-CE, p-iPr-PAC-dG-CE, dT-CE, 8-oxo-dG-CE, 1,N6-etheno-dA-CE, 5-fluoro-dC-CE) Ac-dC-CPG ABI and p-iPr-PAC-dG-CPG ABI columns, and all other reagents necessary for automated DNA synthesis were purchased from Glen Research (Sterling, VA). 5′-O-(4,4′-dimethoxytrityl)-3′-O-(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-diisopropyl-phosphoramidite of 6-chloropurine-2′-deoxyriboside was purchased from ChemGenes Corp. (Wilmington, MA). Synthetic DNA oligodeoxynucleotides were prepared by solid phase synthesis using an ABI 394 DNA synthesizer (Applied Biosystems, CA). DNA oligodeoxynucleotides containing 8-oxo-dG and thymine glycol were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA) and Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), respectively. T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4-PNK) was obtained from New England Biolabs (Beverly, MA), while T4 DNA ligase was procured from Roche (Basel, Switzerland). γ-32P ATP was purchased from Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences (Boston, MA). 40% 19:1 acrylamide/bis solution and micro bio-spin 6 columns were purchased from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA). Illustra NAP-5 desalting columns and Sep-Pak C18 SPE cartridges were obtained from GE Healthcare (Pittsburg, PA) and Waters (Milford, MA), respectively. All other chemicals and solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI) and used without further purification.
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2

Multifunctional Aptamer-Based Sensing Platform

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Gold(iii) chloride hydrate, human serum type AB (male), silver nitrate, NaBH4, thallium(i) chloride, cesium(i) chloride, rubidium(i) chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium(ii) chloride, iron(iii) nitrate, potassium(i) chloride, lead(ii) nitrate, silver(i) nitrate, lithium(i) chloride, nickel(ii) nitrate, streptavidin, PDDA (15%), zinc(ii) nitrate and mercury(ii) nitrate cadmium chloride(ii) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Canada. Phosphoramidites dmf-dG-CE, dT-CE, dA-CE, Ac-dC-CE and biotin modifier were purchased from Glen Research, USA. ACN, TEAA, and anhydrous acetonitrile were purchased from BDH, VWR, Canada. Sample and absorption pad (CFSP223000) obtained from Millipore Co, Bedford, MA. Pullulan bought from Polysciences, Warrigton, PA. NC membrane was purchased from Sartorius Stedim Biotech, Germany and conjugate pad was purchased from Ahlstrom Munksjo, Finland. The aptamers used in this study were reported in the literature7,37,38 and the aptamers were included in the ESI Table S1.
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3

Synthesis of Fluorescent DNA Amphiphiles

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The hydrophilic DNA component of the amphiphile was synthesized using standard phosphoramidite coupling on an Applied Biosciences 394 automated synthesizer with a 1000 Å CPG column (Glen Research) on a 1 µmol scale. Phosphoramidite monomers (bz-dA-CE #10-1000-10, Ac-dC-CE #10-1015-10, dmf-dG-CE #10-1029-10, dT-CE #10-1030-10, Fluorescein-dT-CE #10-1056-90 and Cyanine 5 Phosphoramidite #10-5915-95) were purchased from Glen Research and dissolved in dry solvent according to manufacturer instructions. Synthesis conditions include activator 4,5-Dicyanoimidazole (Glen Reasearch), 0.02 M iodine in THF/pyridine/water (Glen Research) as the oxidizer, 3% Trichloroacetic acid (Glen Research) as the deblocking solution, and capping mixtures THF/Pyridine/Ac2O (Glen Research) and 16% 1-Methylimidazole in THF (Glen Research). A 5'amino modifier (Glen Research) was coupled onto the end of sequences for subsequent conjugation with the polymer. Aliquots of each sequence (2-5 mg) were cleaved from the solid support and deprotected (concentrated ammonia for 24-36 hr) for analysis. The MMT protecting group of the amino modifier was left intact to act as a dragtag for HPLC purification. HPLC purified sequences were desalted using C18 resin (Ziptips, Millipore) and confirmed by MALDI-TOF using 2',4',6'-Trihydroxyacetophenone/ammonium citrate and 3-hydroxypicolinic acid as a matrix.
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