Fei quanta 650 feg

SEM images of the initial and cryomodified dioxidine particles were recorded using an electron microscope, FEI QUANTA 650 FEG (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hillsboro, OR, USA), Collective Facilities Center of A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS.

For sample preparation, HIPEs were polymerized on microscope slides in a frame of 2 mm in height. The polymerization was carried out for 1 min from each side at an intensity of approximately 25 mW/cm² and a peak wavelength of 365 nm.
Samples for environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) were stored in 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7) and cut immediately before analysis to investigate the cross-section. ESEM micrographs were taken using an FEI Quanta 650 FEG (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) in a water-saturated atmosphere at a pressure between 704 and 823 Pa, a working distance between 6.8 mm and 8.1 mm, a 2,000-fold magnification and an acceleration voltage of 15 kV.
For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), samples were freeze-dried, cut and the cross-section coated with platinum. Analysis was carried out on a Tescan Vega 3 SBU at an acceleration voltage of 8 kV and a working distance of 14 mm.

SEM images of the dried polymeric samples were recorded using a scanning electron microscope FEI QUANTA 650 FEG (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hillsboro, OR, USA) installed in the Collective Facilities Center of A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS. The images were recorded at 5 kV accelerating voltage using secondary electrons detector; the examined polymeric material was not additionally coated.

The diluted CWSAE-induced AgNP solution was divided into six groups (depending on UV exposure durations) of three hundred-microliter (300 µL) samples. Each of these samples was exposed to UV light with a wavelength of 302 nm at the low intensity setting for various durations (1 min, 2 min, 5 min, 10 min, and 30 min) on a UV Transilluminator (Model: TFM-30, 4 × 25 W/230 V/50 Hz/2.0 Amp). We will call these samples 0-min group, 1-min group, 2-min group, 5-min group, 10-min group, and 30-min group, respectively.
The size and other properties of AgNPs were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrometer (Thermo Evolution 220, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a JEOL 2010 instrument (200 kV) (Tokyo, Japan) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) using an FEI Quanta 650 FEG (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) were also employed for imaging the AgNPs. TEM imaging was used to evaluate the overall dimension of AgNPs, and SEM imaging was used to characterize the degree of aggregation of AgNPs.

The bacteria E. coli, P. aeruginosa and A. hydrophila were prepared as described in the antimicrobial assay and adjusted to 5 × 10⁷ CFU/mL. The peptide LJ-hep2_(66–86) was added to bacterial suspensions at a concentration of 2 × MBC. After incubation for 1 h, the bacteria cells were collected by centrifugation at 3000× g for 5 min, then fixed with pre-cooled 2.5% glutaraldehyde at 4 °C for 2 h. The cells were deposited on a glass slide covered with polylysine after washing with PBS (phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4), then dehydrated using a graded series of ethanol (30%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 95%, and 100%) and lyophilized in a critical point dryer (EM CPD300, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Finally, the cells were gold-coated and observed with a scanning electron microscope (FEI Quanta 650 FEG, Thermo Fisher, Hillsboro, OR, USA).

The sample with heat treatment C (1040 °C/2 h) was subjected to SEM analysis. The analysis was performed on a device: scanning electron microscope FEI Quanta 650 FEG (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hillsboro, OR, USA); equipment settings: high voltage: 20 kV; detector: BSED (backscattered electron detector); and vacuum pressure: 50 Pa.