Iu22 xmatrix ultrasound system

Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed if he/she had the following components at liver US: Ultrasound beam attenuation and poor visualization of intra-hepatic vessel borders and diaphragm, evidence of diffuse hyper-echogenicity of liver relative to kidneys. Liver US was performed in all patients by two experienced radiologists. The intra-observer variability for the ultrasound diagnosis of hepatic steatosis was within 3%.15 (link) We diagnosed NAFLD by relying on the presence of hepatic steatosis as confirmed by liver US when the following criteria were absent: a) excess alcohol consumption defined as >210 g/week in men and >140 g/week in women based on the KASL definition, b) causes for secondary hepatic fat accumulation such as steatogenic medications or hereditary disorders c) positivity for hepatitis B surface antigen or antibody to hepatitis C virus. AFLD was diagnosed based on a combination of features including ongoing or recent excessive alcohol consumption with hepatic steatosis confirmed by liver US. Two radiologists performed US scanning using the Philips model (iU22x MATRIX Ultrasound System, Philips). Definition of metabolic syndrome was based on the World Health Organization-West Pacific Region Guideline16 and Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.17 (link)

Preoperative and postoperative neurological examinations were investigated by a neurologist. MR imaging (Gyroscan Intera 1.5T, Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands) was performed in all patients within 1 week after treatment. The protocol included isotropic DWI sequence. MRI images were analyzed by experienced neuroradiologists. Duplex scan (iU22 xMATRIX ultrasound system, Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, USA) was performed on all the patients at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months for the first year and annually thereafter. Restenosis was defined as a reduction over 50% of the lumen and ICA peak systolic velocity over one hundred and twenty-five centimeter per second on Duplex scan. We analyzed the results divided into early (within 30 days after surgery), midterm (from 30 days up to 1 year after surgery) and late (over 1 year after surgery) groupings. Early complications were examined for the frequency of postoperative stroke/TIA, myocardial infarction, cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome, postoperative intracranial hemorrhage, wound complication, cranial nerve palsy, new brain lesions on diffusion-weighted MRI and mortality. Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome is defined as ipsilateral headache, hypertension, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. Midterm and late complications included restenosis, stroke and mortality.

High‐resolution obstetric ultrasound imaging was performed between 32 and 34 weeks gestation by qualified sonographers using a Philips iU22 xMatrix ultrasound system. As per standard Australian practices, estimated foetal weight (EFW) was calculated from measurements of bi‐parietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length (Hadlock IV).48 Umbilical artery pulsatility index, middle cerebral artery pulsatility index and amniotic fluid index were also recorded. Right and left foetal kidney dimensions (length, width [mediolateral diameter] and depth [anteroposterior diameter]) were measured (intra‐observer variability 4.4%). Foetal kidney volume was calculated as the approximation of a prolate ellipsoid (volume = length × width × depth × 0.523) and total (combined left and right) kidney volume determined.38