Sulforhodamine b reagent

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), DQ gelatin and penicillin-streptomycin were supplied from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was supplied from Thermo Scientific (USA). Sirius Red/Fast Green Collagen Staining Kit was purchased from Chondrex, Inc. (Redmond, WA, USA). Sulforhodamine B reagent, hyaluronicacid and mushroom tyrosinase were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) was purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA USA). Sirius Red/Fast Green collagen staining kits were purchased from Chondrex, Inc. (Redmond, WA, USA). Sulforhodamine B reagent, 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA), chlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, quercetin, quercitrin and anti b-actin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). TRI reagent^® was purchased from Merck Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA.). ReverTra Ace^® qPCR Master Mix was purchased from Toyobo Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). SensiFAST SYBR Lo-ROX Kit was purchased from Meridian Bioscience^® (Cincinnati, OH, US). The anti-MMP-1, anti-phospho-ERK, anti-ERK, anti-phospho-JNK, anti-JNK, anti-phospho-c-Jun, anti-c-Jun primary antibody and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse- or anti-rabbit-IgG were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).

Standard Hesperidin, hesperetin, hispidulin were purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). Recombinant human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 (Active) (ab273068) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) was purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Sulforhodamine B reagent, and anti-β-actin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). TRI reagent^® was purchased from Merck Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). ReverTra Ace^® qPCR Master Mix was purchased from Toyobo Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). SensiFAST SYBR Lo-ROX Kit was purchased from Meridian Bioscience^® (Cincinnati, OH, USA). The anti-caspase-1 (p50 and p20), anti-NLRP3, anti-ASC, anti-p-Akt, anti-p-Erk1/2, anti-p-c-Jun, anti-Akt, anti-Erk1/2, anti-c-Jun primary antibodies and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse- or anti-rabbit-IgG were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).