Isoquercitrin

Reference substances of hyperin, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, astragalin, isoquercitrin, and formononetin (IS) with purity over 98.0% were achieved from Chengdu Must Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). The acetonitrile and formic acid were obtained from Dikma (Foothill Ranch, CA, USA). Ultra-pure water was provided by Milli-Q system (Millipore, Boston, MA, USA).

Methanol and acetonitrile (HPLC pure grade) were purchased from Fisher Co., Ltd. Formic acid was of chromatographic purity obtained from ROE Co., Ltd. Ultrapure water for the HPLC-MS/MS analysis was purified by Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA). Hyperoside, caffeic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol, isoquercitrin, cryptochlorogenic acid, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, astragalin, and liquiritin (internal standards, IS) were obtained from Chengdu Must Bio-Technology Co., Ltd (Chengdu, China). Quercitrin and quercetin were purchased from National Institutes for Food and Drug Control. Semen Cuscutae was purchased from Anguo, Hebei province. The structures of 13 compounds are displayed in Figure 1.
Sprague–Dawley rats (SPF, 200 ± 10 g, male) were purchased from HFK Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd (license number: SCXK 2014-0004).

Ginsenoside Ro (98%), oleanolic acid (99%), Stigmasterol (95%), palmatine hydrochloride (98%), betherine (98%), epiberberine (98%), coptisine (98%), astragalin (98%), isoquercitrin (98%), baicalin (98%), wogonin (98%), chrysophanol (98%), physcion (98%) and Geniposide (98%) were sourced from the Chengdu Must Bio-technology Co., Ltd (Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China). Betaine (98%), nonanedioic acid (99.5%), succinic acid (90%), allantoin (98.5%), rutin (95%), β-sitosterol (95%) and 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (99%) were sourced from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). β-ecdysterone was sourced from J&K Scientific Ltd (Beijing, China).