5 fudr

The paraquat survival assay was performed using C. elegans in liquid culture as described previously [30 (link)]. In brief, synchronized L1 larvae were grown in S medium until L4 and then 5-FUDR (Sigma) was added to suppress reproduction. After further incubation for 24 h, the young adult nematodes were treated with 0.1–0.5 mg/mL of nostoglycan for 48 h and then exposed to 70 mM paraquat. The numbers of live and dead nematodes were scored every 12 h based on their movement until all dead. EGCG (final concentration of 100 μM) was used as a positive control.

COTI-2, supplied by Cotinga Pharmaceuticals (London, Ontario), was dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) stock solution and diluted in αMEM or DMEM plus 10% FBS so that final DMSO concentrations were 0.5–1.0%. For the AN3-CA xenograft studies, 235 mg of COTI-2 was mixed with 4.84 g of Captisol® (CydexPharmaceuticals, Lenexa, KS) in 10 ml of sterile water (Hospira, Inc., Lake Forest, IL). For the PANC-1 xenograft studies, COTI-2 was dissolved in phosphate-citrate buffer at pH 2.3.
Cisplatin, 5-FUdR (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), vinorelbine (GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, UK), temsirolimus, rapamycin (Pfizer, New York, NY), gemcitabine (Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN), paclitaxel, carboplatin (Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., New York, NY), and vincristine were obtained from the London Health Sciences Centre Pharmacy (London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario). Cetuximab was purchased from ImClone Systems (New York, NY). Erlotinib was obtained from LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA).

5FUdR was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Pemetrexed (Alimta, Eli Lilly and Co., Toronto, Ontario, Canada) was obtained from the London Health Sciences Centre pharmacy (London, Ontario, Canada). MX and FK866 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA).