Quadrasorb si

Manufactured by Anton Paar

Sourced in United States, Germany

The Quadrasorb SI is a fully automated surface area and porosity analyzer that utilizes nitrogen adsorption to determine the specific surface area, pore size distribution, and pore volume of solid materials. It is designed for high-throughput analysis and provides accurate and reliable measurements for a wide range of materials, including catalysts, adsorbents, and other porous solids.

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Lab products found in correlation

Quadra win, by Anton Paar (2 mentions) Vega3, by TESCAN (2 mentions) X pert diffractometer, by Philips (2 mentions) G2 f20 s twin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Autosorb iq, by Anton Paar (2 mentions) Escalab 250xi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Micro ultrapyc 1200e, by Anton Paar (1 mentions) Irspirit, by Shimadzu (1 mentions) S 4300, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Evo 18 sem, by Zeiss (1 mentions) Dsc 404 f1 pegasus, by Netzsch (1 mentions) Edax genesis, by Ametek (1 mentions) Jem 2100f, by JEOL (1 mentions) Xl30 feg, by Philips (1 mentions) Stadi p, by STOE (1 mentions) D max 2500, by Rigaku (1 mentions) Jsm 6360lv, by JEOL (1 mentions) Jem 3010, by JEOL (1 mentions) Zetasizer nano zs zen3600, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions) Infinite m1000 plate reader, by Tecan (1 mentions)

21 protocols using quadrasorb si

Powder Specific Surface Area Characterization

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The specific surface area (SSA) of the powders was determined using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method (ISO 9277:2010; QUADRASORB SI and Quadra Win, Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL, USA). Before BET analysis, samples were degassed for 24 h at 25 °C (Autosorb Degasser Model AD-9; USA) to remove all moisture and vapor. The SSA of the samples was analyzed using a nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm.
Particle size d_BET was calculated according to Equation (2) as stated in ISO standard No. 13779-3 “Implants for surgery Hydroxyapatite Part 3: Chemical analysis and characterization of crystallinity and phase purity”, assuming particles to be spherical and nonporous.

d_{B E T} = 6 / (ρ \times S S A)

where ρ is the density of HAp and GaHAp, determined with a helium pycnometer (Micro UltraPyc 1200e; Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL, USA) as described in Section 2.2.4.

Mosina M., Siverino C., Stipniece L., Sceglovs A., Vasiljevs R., Moriarty T.F, & Locs J. (2023). Gallium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Shows Antibacterial Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa without Affecting Cell Metabolic Activity. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 14(2), 51.

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Film Morphology and Pore Characterization

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The morphology of the films was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a Leo 1550 Gemini Scanning Electron Microscope operated at 3 kV. The working distance was 3–5 mm. The film thickness was calculated from SEM micrographs of the film cross sections. The pore characteristics were analyzed using nitrogen sorption isotherms recorded on a Quantachrome Instruments Quadrasorb-SI operated at −196 °C. The specific surface area was calculated using the BET method at the relative pressure of 0.1–0.2. The pore size distribution was calculated using the KJS-method on the adsorption isotherm, and the total pore volume was determined at P/P₀ = 0.99. Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) measurements were performed on an PANAlytical Empyrean in transmission mode using Cu Kα radiation.

Björk E.M., Baumann B., Hausladen F., Wittig R, & Lindén M. (2019). Cell adherence and drug delivery from particle based mesoporous silica films. RSC Advances, 9(31), 17745-17753.

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Comprehensive Filler Characterization Protocol

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The microstructure of the filler was observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM; S-4300, Hitachi High-Tech Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Prior to observation, the sample was coated with platinum via sputtering. The observation conditions were an acceleration voltage of 5 kV and a working distance of 15 mm.
The surface area and pore size distribution of the filler were estimated using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method and the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method, respectively, using nitrogen sorption–desorption curves measured by a porosimeter (QuadraSorb SI, Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL, USA).
The crystal phase of the filler was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD; RINT 2100VLR/PC, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) with a Cu Kα X-ray source (λ = 1.5406 Å).
The silanization of the filler was examined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis using a spectrometer (IRSpirit, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) with a diffuse reflectance unit with a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹.

Hata K., Ikeda H., Nagamatsu Y., Masaki C., Hosokawa R, & Shimizu H. (2022). Dental Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Based Resin Containing a Nanoporous Silica Filler. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 13(1), 32.

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Scaffold Pore Size and Porosity Analysis

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Cylindrical
C3CA scaffolds (6 mm diameter × 10 mm height) were cut into halves
(i.e., 5 mm from the bottom), and the morphology
at the cross section was examined using a scanning electron microscope
(Carl Zeiss, EVO 18 SEM), operated at an accelerating voltage of 10
kV and a working distance of 10 mm. The surface was sputter-coated
with gold palladium (Quorum sputter-coater). The pore size of the
scaffolds was measured using ImageJ software (1.49v, NIH Image) in
the manual mode. At least 20 pores were assessed at one SEM image
(magnification, 400×) for each scaffold composition. The randomly
selected pores were analyzed for the long pore axis, and an average
of 20 pores were determined. The pore volume and surface area of the
scaffolds were calculated by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller
(BET) method in a pore size analyzer (QUADRASORB SI, Quantachrome
Instruments, Germany).
The porosity of the scaffolds was measured
by an ethanol displacement method, as reported by Kim et al.^{34 (link)} The initial weight (W_i) of the scaffolds was measured, and the scaffolds were immersed
in ethanol for 1 h at 37 °C to fill the pores with ethanol diffusion.
Then, the scaffolds were removed and the weight (W_f) was measured. The percentage porosity of the scaffolds
is calculated using eq 1, where ρ is the density of ethanol and V_s is the full volume of the scaffold.

Priya G., Madhan B., Narendrakumar U., Suresh Kumar R.V, & Manjubala I. (2021). In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Omega, 6(2), 1246-1253.

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Structural and Thermal Characterization of Y2O3

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X-ray powder diffraction data were collected at room temperature by a powder diffractometer (STOE Stadi P, linear PSD) with Cu radiation (Ge monochromator, λ = 1.540598 Å, flat plate sample holder, transmission geometry). For Rietveld refinement, the published structure of Y₂O₃^{39 (link)} was chosen as a starting model and the TOPAS suite of programmes⁴⁰ was used.
Particle size and morphology were characterized using a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (Philips XL30 FEG, 15–30 kV acceleration voltage) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS, EDAX Genesis) and a transmission electron microscope (Jeol Jem-2100F, 200 kV acceleration voltage).
Differential scanning calorimetry measurements were executed using a Netzsch instrument (DSC 404 F1 Pegasus) and platinum crucibles in an atmosphere of dried Ar.
Surface determination was performed by nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77 K (Quadrasorb SI, Quantachrome Instruments). Data evaluation was carried out with the software QuadraWin (version 6.0).

Bischoff L., Stephan M., Birkel C.S., Litterscheid C.F., Dreizler A, & Albert B. (2018). Multiscale and luminescent, hollow microspheres for gas phase thermometry. Scientific Reports, 8, 602.

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Comprehensive Characterization of Porous Materials

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The X-ray diffraction patterns of samples were obtained by using an XRD (D/Max 2500; Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) with a copper Kα X-ray source with the scanning angle ranging from 3° to 65° (2θ) in 0.02° (2θ) steps at scanning speed of 8°/min.
Specific surface area (SSA) is an important index for assessing the adsorption capacity of porous materials. The SSA of porous materials was determined by using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method (QuadraSorb SI, Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL, USA). The pore size distribution of porous materials was also determined based on the Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.
The microstructures of porous materials were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM; JSM-6360LV, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). SEM images were recorded in the backscattered electron mode operating under a low vacuum condition (0.5 Torr and 25 keV). The powder was coated with a thin layer of gold prior to the detection. A transmission electron microscope (TEM; JEM-3010, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) was also used for characterization of microstructures of porous silica materials.
ICP-OES spectrometry (IRIS Intrepid II XSP, Thermo Elemental, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to measure the concentrations of heavy metal cations in the supernatant after adsorption.

Luo J., Jiang T., Li G., Peng Z., Rao M, & Zhang Y. (2017). Porous Materials from Thermally Activated Kaolinite: Preparation, Characterization and Application. Materials, 10(6), 647.

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Comprehensive Characterization of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

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Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements were performed on Zetasizer Nano-ZS ZEN 3600 (Malvern Instruments, Great Britain) at 0.1 mg/mL of MSNs in 1 mM KCl solution. Nitrogen sorption measurements were performed at −196°C on a Quadrasorb-SI (Quantachrome Instruments, USA). The pore size and pore volume were determined via the calculation, based on the non-local density functional theory, using the kernel developed for silica materials with cylindrical mesopores. MSN size was determined via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on a Joel 1400 (Joel, Germany), using an acceleration voltage of 120 kV. The amount of carboxy groups on MSNs was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) on Netzsch TG209 Libra F1 (Netzsch, Germany; heating rate = 10 K/min). The specific fluorescence intensities of the dye-labeled MSNs were determined on Infinite M1000 platereader (Tecan, Switzerland; ATTO647N: λ_exc = 635 nm; λ_em = 680 nm).

Paramonov V.M., Gerstenberg M., Sahlgren C., Lindén M, & Rivero-Müller A. (2020). In vitro Targetability Validation of Peptide-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in the Presence of Serum Proteins. Frontiers in Chemistry, 8, 603616.

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Comprehensive Material Characterization Techniques

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The morphological characterization was performed with a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Supra 40, ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) Tecnai F20ST (ThermoFisher Scientific Instruments (former FEI), Hillsboro, Oregon, OR, USA), equipped with a field emission gun (FEG) and high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) detector, operating at 200 kV, was employed for the lower scale analysis of the samples. For these measurements, the samples were scratched, dispersed in an ethanol solution and then drop coated onto a standard holey carbon coated Cu grid.
The chemical composition was unraveled through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) by using a PHI 5000 VersaProbe system (Physical Electronics, Inc. (PHI), Chanhassen, MN, USA). Monochromatic Al K_α (1486.6 eV) was used as X-ray source, and C 1s peak (284.5 eV) was used as reference for the calibration.
The surface area was calculated measuring nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms on a Quadrasorb SI (Quantachrome Instruments, Anton Paar Quantatech, FL, USA) in liquid nitrogen, and treating the results using the Brunauer−Emmet−Teller (BET) method.

Serrapede M., Savino U., Castellino M., Amici J., Bodoardo S., Tresso E, & Chiodoni A. (2019). Li+ Insertion in Nanostructured TiO2 for Energy Storage. Materials, 13(1), 21.

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Comprehensive Characterization of Synthesized Materials

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X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-prepared samples were analyzed by a German X-ray diffractometer (D8-Advance, Bruker AXS, Inc., Madison, WI, USA) equipped with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm). The morphologies of the as-synthesized products were observed by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM; FEI Quanta FEG250, FEI, Hillsboro, USA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM; JEOL-200CX, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed on a Thermo ESCALAB 250XI electron spectrometer equipped with Al Kα X-ray radiation (hν = 1486.6 eV) as the source for excitation. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas of the products were investigated by N₂ adsorption isotherm at 77 K using a specific surface area analyzer (QUADRASORB SI, Quantachrome Instruments, South San Francisco, CA, USA).

Deng X., Wang C., Zhou E., Huang J., Shao M., Wei X., Liu X., Ding M, & Xu X. (2016). One-Step Solvothermal Method to Prepare Ag/Cu2O Composite With Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties. Nanoscale Research Letters, 11, 29.

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Nitrogen Sorption Analysis of Porous Samples

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The physical properties and porous structure of the samples were analyzed using the physical nitrogen sorption method, using the Quadrasorb-SI (Quantachrome Instruments, Germany) equipped with Flo Vac degasser. The adsorption and desorption process was carried out in a liquid nitrogen bath at −195 °C. The Brunauer–Emmet–Teller method (BET) was used to determine the specific surface area (S_BET). The total pore volume (V_pore) and average pore size (D_pore) parameters were analyzed using the Barret–Joyner–Halend (BJH) method.

Jakubczak M., Karwowska E., Fiedorczuk A, & Jastrzębska A.M. (2021). Multifunctional carbon-supported bioactive hybrid nanocomposite (C/GO/NCP) bed for superior water decontamination from waterborne microorganisms. RSC Advances, 11(30), 18509-18518.

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