Lead nitrate

A. cepa (onion) red variety was purchased from local market of Aligarh. Methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) was procured from Sigma–Aldrich, USA. Cadmium chloride, lead nitrate and Tris buffer were obtained from Sisco Research Laboratories (SRL). Acetocarmine, iron allum and ethanol were obtained from Bangalore Genei, India. Glacial acetic acid, N-butyl alcohol and mannitol were purchased from Qualigens, India. Nutrient agar and Nutrient broth were purchased from Hi-media, India. Aligarh wastewater (AWW) and Mathura refinery wastewater (RWW) samples were collected from industrial effluents of Aligarh and Mathura refinery, respectively. Escherichia coli K12 strains were a kind gift from Dr. Mary K. Berlyn, Yale University, USA.

The human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y was obtained from National Centre for Cell Sciences, Pune, India. Low glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, minimal essential medium modified for suspension culture (S-MEM), fetal bovine serum, Gentamicin, tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester (TMRM), were procured from GIBCO, Invitrogen Corporation (CA, USA). Lymphocyte separation medium (LSM), polyethylene glycol 1000, manitol, were purchased from MP Biomedicals (France). PicoGreen®, MitoSOX™ were purchased from Molecular probes (OR, USA). Potassium chloride, KH₂PO₄, NaCl and Na₂HPO₄.2H₂O, magnesium sulfate, lead nitrate, sucrose, were procured from Sisco Research laboratories (India). Amphotericin B, pyruvate, uridine, ethidium bromide, TRI reagent, 6-aminocaproic acid, Bis-Tris HCl, N-Dodecyl β-D-Maltoside, bis acrylamide, ATP, EGTA were purchased from Sigma (MO, USA). Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 and R-250 dyes were purchased from BioRad (CA, USA) and acrylamide was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).