Hexadecanoic acid

Plasticware was obtained from Costar (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and Sarstedt (Nümbrecht, Germany). Materials for real-time quantitative PCR were obtained from Applied Biosystems (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Organic solvents for TLC, paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and Hoechst 33342, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Phalloidin-CF568 conjugate was obtained from Biotium (Fremont, CA). Bodipy 493/503 was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific.
Lipids used for TLC were purchased from two sources: 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (#42773), 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (#01991), and 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine sodium salt (#51581) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Hexadecanoic acid (palmitic, #N-16-A), octadecanoic acid (stearic, #N-18-A), 9-hexadecenoic acid (palmitoleic, #U-40-A), 9-octadecenoic acid (oleic, #U-46-A), 7-octadecenoic acid (vaccenic, #U-48A), 9-12 octadecadienoic acid (linoleic, #U-59-A), trihexadecenoin (palmitolein, #T-215), 13-docosenoic acid (erucic, #U-79-A), dipalmitolein (#D-216), trioctadecenoin (#T-235), diolein (#D-236), diolein 1-3 Isomer (#D-237), monoolein (#M-239), cholesteryl palmitate (#CH-815), cholesteryl palmitoleate (#CH-826), and cholesteryl oleate (#CH-828) were obtained from Nu-Chek Prep Inc. (Elysian, MN).

High-performance LC grade solvents (water, acetonitrile, methylene chloride, chloroform, and methanol), ammonium acetate (Optima LC/MS), and sodium chloride were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. The following extracts and standards were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids: lysyl-PG 16:0 (LysylPG 840520), MGDG (Gal₁DG 840523), DGDG (Gal₂DG 840524), CLs (CLs 840012 and 841199), l-α-phosphatidic acid (PA 840101c), and l-α-PG (PG 841138c). The following FFA and diacylglyceride standards were purchased from Nu Chek Prep: pentadecanoic acid (FA 15:0, N-15-A), hexadecanoic acid (FA 16:0, N-16-A), heptadecanoic acid (FA 17:0, N-17-A), octadecanoic acid (FA 18:0, N-18-A), nonadecanoic acid (FA 19:0, N-19-A), eicosanoic acid (FA 20:0, N-20-A), heneicosanoic acid (FA 21:0, N-21-A), 1,3-dimyristoyldiacylglyceride (1,3-DG 14:0, D-142), 1,3-dipalmitoyldiacylglycerol (1,3-DG 16:0, D-152), 1,3-distearoyldiacylglyceride (1,3-DG 18:0, D-162), 1,3-dioleoyldiacylglyceride (1,3-DG 18:1, D-237), cis-1,3-dilinoleoyldiacylglyceride (cis-1,3-DG 18:2, D-252), 1,3-diarachidoyldiacylglyceride (1,3-DG 20:0, D-172), and 1,3-diarachidonoyldiacylglyceride (1,3-DG 20:4, D-297). Stock solutions of lipid standards and standard extracts were prepared at 1 mM in chloroform, from which a 5 µM mixture in 2:1 acetonitrile-methanol was prepared for analysis.