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7 protocols using alexa fluor 647 conjugated ova

1

Cargo Retention in Vaccine-loaded Gels

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Vaccine-loaded
gels with Alexa Fluor 647 conjugated OVA (Thermo Fisher Scientific)
were explanted at 1, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days and weighed to report the
gel erosion over time. After weighing, the explanted gels were diluted
in PBS and homogenized using a glass dounce homogenizer (Wheaton).
The fluorescence of the homogenized gels was read with ex: 650 nm
and em: 665 nm on a plate reader (Tecan Infinite M1000). Raw fluorescence
values were normalized for the polymer background, and the natural
log of these values was plotted and fit with linear equations to find
the rate constant using GraphPad Prism 7.04 (GraphPad Software). This
rate constant was used to calculate a half-life of cargo retention.
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2

Multiparameter Immune Cell Analysis

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The following antibodies were purchased from BioLegend, eBioscience, or BD Biosciences, and used for flow cytometry or enrichment of specific cell types: FITC-Sirpα, PE/Cy7-Sirpα PerCP/Cy5.5-B220, PE/Cy7-CD11c, Brilliant Violet 605-CD11c, Pacific Blue-IA/IE, FITC-YAe, PerCP/Cy5.5-CD45.1, APC-CD45.2, PE/Cy7-CD86, APC-CD86, PE-PD-L1, APC-CD200, PE/Cy7-CD40, PE-Foxp3, Pacific Blue-Foxp3, PerCP/Cy5.5-Thy1.1, APC-TCRβ, FITC-CD8α, Alexa700-CD8α, Alexa700-CD4, Brilliant Violet 605-CD4, Brilliant Violet 605-CD25, APC-CD25, PE/Cy7-CD3, PE/Cy7-CD24, Propidium iodide solution, Fixable Viability Dye eFluor780, Biotin-CD8β, Biotin-CD4, Biotin-CD25, and Biotin-B220. AlexaFluor647-conjugated OVA and crimson bead (0.02 μm) were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific. Streptavidin-RapidSpheres isolation kit and CD11c-MicroBeads were purchased from STEMCELL technologies and Miltenyi Biotec, respectively.
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3

Formulation and Characterization of Lipid-based Vaccine Adjuvants

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Squalane, Tween® 60, Span® 60 and γ-irradiated poly(I:C) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DDA and MMG-1 (24 (link)) were purchased from NCK A/S (Farum, Denmark), DSPE was obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA), and endotoxin-free ovalbumin (OVA) was acquired from Hyglos GmbH (Bernried am Starnberger See, Germany). AlexaFluor 647-conjugated OVA was from ThermoFisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA), and 3,3′-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO) was provided by Life Technologies (Nærum, Denmark). All other chemicals were purchased from commercial suppliers and used at analytical grade.
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4

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching

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Alexa Fluor 647 conjugated
OVA (Thermo
Fisher Scientific), rhodamine conjugated Poly(I:C) (Invivogen), and
rhodamine conjugated HPMC–C12 were used to visualize
the diffusion of the cargo and gel. Samples were photobleached with
a 50 μm diameter for the region of interest (ROI). Different
tests (n = 5) were made for three different samples
from the same batch at different locations of the sample. A spot was
bleached with a pixel dwell time of 177.32 μs. A total of 500
postbleach frames were recorded at 1 frame/s to form the recovery
exponential curve. The diffusion coefficient was calculated as70 (link) where the constant γD = τ1/2/τD, with τ1/2 being the half-time of the
recovery, τD being the characteristic
diffusion time,
both yielded by the ZEN software, and ω being the radius of
the bleached ROI (25 μm).
The diffusivity of cargo in
PBS was calculated using the Stokes–Einstein law equation for
diffusion71 where kB is Boltzmann’s constant, T is temperature
in Kelvin, η is solvent viscosity, and R is
the solute hydrodynamic radius The diffusivity of cargo in a model covalent
PEG gel was calculated using the multiscale diffusion model (MSDM)
assuming 25 °C, a 5% volume fraction, and 35 nm mesh size.72 (link) The calculated values are comparable to experiment
diffusivities of similar sized cargoes found in the literature.73 (link)
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5

Vaccine Formulation and Characterization

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CpG ODN 1668 (TCCATGACGTTC CTGATGCT) with a single-stranded phosphonothioate was obtained from Sangon Biotech (Sangon Biotech, China). PCP was obtained from the YuanYe Company (YuanYe inc, China). OVA protein was purchased from Sigma (Sigma, MO, United States), OVA peptide 257–264 (SIINFEKL) was from the Chinese Peptide Company (Chinese Peptide Company, China), and Alexa Fluor™ 647 conjugated OVA was purchased from Thermo (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, United States). All materials used in vaccines were purified using Pierce™ High-Capacity Endotoxin Removal Spin Columns (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, United States). Afterwards, the endotoxin levels were measured to be constantly below 5 Endotoxin Unit (EU)/mL using the ToxinSensor™ Endpoint Chromosome Endotoxin Detection Kit (Genscript, NJ, United States).
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6

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine Evaluation

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EndoFit Ovalbumin, CFA, AddaVax, and poly(I:C) were purchased from InvivoGen. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was purchased from RayBiotech. Alexa FluorTM 647 conjugated OVA and CellTrace Violet were purchased from Thermo Fisher. B16-F10 tumor neoantigen peptides were synthesized by GenScript (Piscataway, NJ). The sequences are as follows: M27: REGVELCPGNKYEMRRHGTTHSLVIHD; M30: PSKPSFQEFVDWENVSPELNSTDQPFL; M48: SHCHWNDLAVIPAGVVHNWDFEPRKVS.
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7

Neoantigen-Based Tumor Vaccination Protocol

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EndoFit Ovalbumin, CFA, AddaVax, and poly(I:C) were purchased from InvivoGen. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was purchased from RayBiotech. Alexa FluorTM 647 conjugated OVA was purchased from Thermo Fisher. B16-F10 tumor neoantigen peptides were synthesized by GenScript (Piscataway, NJ). The sequences are as follows: M27: REGVELCPGNKYEMRRHGTTHSLVIHD; M30: PSKPSFQEFVDWENVSPELNSTDQPFL; M48: SHCHWNDLAVIPAGVVHNWDFEPRKVS using the mutation information described 4 (link) .
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