The study was performed in the motion analysis laboratory of the department of geriatric medicine of the university hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany. A three-dimensional optical motion capture system (Qualisys AB, 5+ series, Göteburg, Sweden) with 10 cameras tracked the marker trajectories at 120 Hz. In total, 52 reflective markers were placed at anatomical landmarks on participants’ bodies following a prescribed marker set protocol [35 (link)]. The calibrated anatomical system technique (CAST) was used to place and determine the movement of segments. The measurements were done using Qualisys Track Manager (Version 19.1, Qualisys AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). After markers labeling at the Qualisys Track Manager software, raw data were exported to .c3d for further analysis with the software Visual 3D (Version 6.0, C-Motion. Inc., Germantown, MD, USA). Force data were recorded by two force plates (Bertec Corporation, Columbus, Ohio, USA), which were embedded in the surface in the middle of a 10-m walkway. The movement and force data were filtered using a fourth-order low-pass Butterworth filter with a cut-off frequency of 5 Hz.
Track manager
Manufactured by Qualisys
Sourced in Sweden, United States
Qualisys Track Manager is a software application that provides motion capture and data analysis capabilities. It serves as the central hub for motion data management, processing, and visualization from Qualisys motion capture systems.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Visual3d, by C-Motion (11 mentions)
Matlab, by MathWorks (4 mentions)
Oqus cameras, by Qualisys (3 mentions)
Visual 3d software, by C-Motion (2 mentions)
Oqus 400, by Qualisys (2 mentions)
Oqus 300 system, by Qualisys (2 mentions)
Miqus m3, by Qualisys (2 mentions)
Oqus 700 cameras, by Qualisys (1 mentions)
Bagnoli, by Delsys (1 mentions)
Oqus4, by Qualisys (1 mentions)
Visual 3d, by MathWorks (1 mentions)
Oqus 3, by Qualisys (1 mentions)
Pro reflex mcu1000, by Qualisys (1 mentions)
Oqus 400 cameras, by Qualisys (1 mentions)
Force plate, by Bertec (1 mentions)
Fp4060 10 2000, by Bertec (1 mentions)
Oqus 500 cameras, by Qualisys (1 mentions)
Oqus 5 cameras, by Qualisys (1 mentions)
Matlab 2017b, by MathWorks (1 mentions)
49 protocols using track manager
1
Motion Analysis of Geriatric Gait
2
Kinematic and Kinetic Data Acquisition
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Kinematic data were acquired by a motion capture system using infrared cameras (Track Manager; Qualisys). Ten cameras (9 Oqus 700+ cameras and 1 Oqus 510+ camera; Qualisys) located at a height of 2.5 m around the laboratory were synchronized with 3 force plates (Kistler 9286AA, 9281CA, and 9287CCAQ02; Kistler Instruments) embedded in the ground to acquire kinetic data. Two photocells (P-2RB/1; EGMedical) positioned within 2 m between force plates were used to control walking speed. Kinematic and kinetic sampling frequencies were set to 240 and 2160 Hz, respectively.32 (link)
3
Grip Patterns in Children's Object Manipulation
4
Infant Movement Tracking Protocol
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Infants’ actions were coded offline using Qualisys Track Manager and video recordings from two corner cameras and a central microphone (Noldus Information Technology, Media Recorder, Version 2.5).
5
Exoskeleton Balance Control: Kinetics and Kinematics
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Ankle joints angles, angular velocities, torques and other data related to the exoskeleton controller were logged at 1000 Hz through the exoskeleton computer. Ground reaction forces and moments were collected by means of the instrumented treadmill at 1000 Hz and used to detect the feet locations, gait phases and trigger the perturbations.
Kinematic data of bony landmarks on the feet, lower legs, upper legs, pelvis and trunk and marker frames on the shanks and thighs, were collected at 128 Hz using a motion capture system with 8 Oqus cameras (Qualisys, Göteborg, Sweden). Markers located on the pelvis were used to estimate the movement of the COM in the AP direction, fed back in real-time to the exoskeleton balance controller (Fig.1 ). The COM position was derived and band-pass filtered (IIR filter, 5–50 Hz, 0.1–40 dB) before being used by the perturbation detection algorithm.
Muscle activity (EMG) of selected muscles around the ankle joints was measured using surface EMG of the tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL). The EMG data were registered bilaterally by means of 8 bipolar electrodes (Bagnoli, Delsys, Natick, MA, USA), sampled at 2048 Hz via Qualisys Track Manager.
All data were synchronized using the ground reaction forces, whose analog signals were logged by both the exoskeleton and Qualisys computers.
Kinematic data of bony landmarks on the feet, lower legs, upper legs, pelvis and trunk and marker frames on the shanks and thighs, were collected at 128 Hz using a motion capture system with 8 Oqus cameras (Qualisys, Göteborg, Sweden). Markers located on the pelvis were used to estimate the movement of the COM in the AP direction, fed back in real-time to the exoskeleton balance controller (Fig.
Muscle activity (EMG) of selected muscles around the ankle joints was measured using surface EMG of the tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL). The EMG data were registered bilaterally by means of 8 bipolar electrodes (Bagnoli, Delsys, Natick, MA, USA), sampled at 2048 Hz via Qualisys Track Manager.
All data were synchronized using the ground reaction forces, whose analog signals were logged by both the exoskeleton and Qualisys computers.
6
Three-Dimensional Motion Capture Analysis
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A three dimensional optoelectronic motion capture system (Qualisys Pro-Reflex MCU 240, Qualisys AB, Gothenburg, Sweden), composed by 6 cameras put all around the treadmill, was used to acquire the coordinates of the markers with a sample frequency of 100 Hz. Before each test, the system was calibrated following the manufacturer’s guidelines. Calibration and data acquisition were performed using the specific software (Qualisys Track Manager) provided by the company. Fourteen reflective passive hemispherical markers were fixed on the skin of the subjects with double-sided tape. The markers were precisely positioned over the glenohumeral joints, humeral lateral condyles, ulnar styloids, greater trochanters, femoral lateral condyles, lateral malleolus and over the shoes, in proximity of the metatarsal head II. Furthermore, reflective tape was present in two sites of each pole to monitor their displacement.
7
Motion Capture Camera Calibration
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The calibration of the motion capture cameras was done before each recording session following the measurement protocol in the Qualisys Track Manager software [16 ]. The software allows computing the orientation and position of each camera in order to track and perform calculations on the 2D data for conversion into 3D data. The average residual error of the calibration was kept below 0.8 mm and the calibration was repeated if this threshold was not met.
8
Gait Initiation Reaction Time Assessment
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Proficiency in gross motor function was tested for the lower extremity with a RT task during gait initiation,27 (link) based on the findings of bradykinesia in FM and CFS. The participant stood still and relaxed on a force platform, without shoes, and feet in parallel with self-selected distance between them. To create a baseline for the center of pressure (CoP) measurement, 3 to 5 s of steady state was recorded in each trial for quiet standing before an auditory trigger signal was issued. The delay time before release of the trigger was random and intentionally unpredictable. The participant was asked to initiate gait as fast as possible in response to the auditory signal (a beep), and then walk normally across a 3 m long walkway level with the force platform. The starting foot (left or right) was self-selected and kept the same throughout all trials. The test was repeated five times with a 1-minute rest between each trial. Participants had one trial practice to get accustomed to the test. RT was calculated using the CoP data collected with a Kistler force platform (type 9260AA6; Kistler Instrumente AG, Winterthur, Switzerland). The auditory signal was generated with a trigger button connected to an A/D board. All data were sampled and stored with the QTM software (Qualisys Track Manager, Gothenburg, Sweden; 2.10, build 2084) for further analysis.
9
Cycling Kinematics and Joint Power
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Cycling kinematics where collected using Qualisys Track Manager software (Qualisys, Sweden) which allowed for the integration of the analog pedal force signals and thus, simultaneous recording of the two. Using Matlab R2015b, joint powers for the hip, knee and ankle joints were calculated using inverse dynamics for a linked system of rigid segments [17 (link)–19 (link)]. In short, the powers at the joints are calculated from the pedal forces, the movements of the body segments and the inertial estimates (mass and moment of inertia) of these segments, by applying Newton’s inertial laws. Guidelines for calculating masses and moments of inertia were taken from Van Soest et al. [20 (link)].
10
Marker-based Motion Capture for Musculoskeletal Analysis
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We used Qualisys Track Manager (Senior, 2004 ), a marker-based motion capture system with fifteen cameras to capture the movement data of the participants. A total of 31 markers were placed on each participant. Of these, 10 markers were used purely for scaling an OpenSim (Delp et al., 2007 (link)) upper-body musculoskeletal model used for analysis (discussed below) to the participant and were removed while tracking and recording the actual motion of the participant. Figure 4 summarizes the placement and purpose of the body markers. We collected the 3D positions of the markers with respect to a common global reference frame for each of the movement trajectories generated by the 6 participants at a rate of 100 Hz.
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