GBE (CASRN 90045-36-6; lot # 020703) used in the current study (and NTP 2-year bioassay) was obtained from Shanghai Xing Ling Science and Technology Pharmaceutical Company, Limited (Shanghai, China). The GBE lot was characterized as described elsewhere (Rider et al., 2014 (link); NTP, 2013 ). The lot contains ~31% flavonol glycosides (16.7% quercetin, 12.2% kaempferol, and 2.4% isorhamnetin), ~15% terpene lactones (6.9% bilobalide, 3.7% ginkgolide A, 1.6% ginkgolide B, 3.1% ginkgolide C), and 10.5 ppm ginkgolic acids. Standards of ginkgolide A, ginkgolide C, isorhamnetin, and quercetin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Standards of bilobalide, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide J, and kaempferol hydrate were obtained from TCI America (Portland, OR). Hesperetin and limonene (used as internal standards) were also obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). All other chemicals and reagents were procured from commercial sources.
Ginkgolide c
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Ginkgolide C is a pure compound extracted from the Ginkgo biloba plant. It is a cyclic terpene lactone that functions as a platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist. Ginkgolide C is used as a research tool in the study of PAF-mediated biological processes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Quercetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Isorhamnetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Bilobalide, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ginkgolide a, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ginkgolide b, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hesperetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Limonene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethysulfoxide dmso, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Penicillin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Streptomycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Williams e medium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Atlanta Biologicals (1 mentions)
Chrysin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ciprofloxacin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Hydrogen chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using ginkgolide c
1
Characterization of Ginkgo Biloba Extract
2
Ginkgolide C Stock Solution Prep
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Ginkgolide C (purity ≥ 96% by HPLC) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and dissolved in DMSO at stock concentrations of 100 mM. In all experiments, the final concentration of DMSO in culture was ≤0.1%.
3
Ginkgolide C Dissolution Protocol
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Ginkgolide C (purity ≥ 96% by HPLC) was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA) and was dissolved in DMSO (≤0.1% in all cell experiments).
4
Ginkgo Biloba Terpene Lactones Evaluation
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A mix of terpene lactones from G. biloba: bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, ginkgolide J (100 μg/mL each component in acetonitrile) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Serial concentrations (1.5–9 μg/ml) were prepared in DMEM 2% FBS for experiments. Acetonitrile (9% and below) does not cause viral inactivation (control). Final concentrations of acetonitrile in tested cells were ≤ 0.9% (non-toxic concentration, control).
5
Ginkgo biloba Compounds and Extraction
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Seven constituents of Ginkgo biloba (quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, and bilobalide) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Atlanta Biologicals (Lawrenceville, GA). William’s E medium, penicillin, streptomycin, and dimethysulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Purified human Topo I and II enzymes, Topo I and II assay kits, and unwinding kit were from TopoGen Inc. (Port Orange, FL). Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (Lot GBE-50-001003, a tan powdered solid) was a gift from Dr. Po Chan at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Research Triangle Park, NC). A detailed characterization and analysis of major components are described in the NTP Technical Report 5785 (link). Commercial Ginkgo biloba extract products were purchased from three American manufacturers who sell herbal extracts.
6
Quantitative Analysis of Phytochemicals
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Ciprofloxacin, bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin, chrysin, ascorbic acid, and hydrogen chloride were purchased from Sigma Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA). Formic acid was purchased from Merck KGaA (Germany). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and ethyl acetate were purchased from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA).
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