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8 protocols using n pentanol

1

Solvothermal Synthesis of 3D CuS Nanoplates

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Example 1

In a Teflon-sealed autoclave, CuS nanoplates having a three-dimensional structure were synthesized using a solvothermal method. Copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2.3H2O), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), hexane and n-pentanol, used in the synthesis, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. A microemulsion was used, which consists of water containing 0.1 M CTAB (in hexane), 8.65 moles (based on CTAB) of n-pentanol and 10 moles (based on CTAB) of 0.2 M copper nitrate. A 0.2M aqueous solution of copper nitrate was added to a mixture solution of pentanol and hexane containing CTAB, and then stiffed until the solution became transparent. The microemulsion was introduced into a 100 ml Teflon-sealed autoclave, and then 0.8 ml of carbon disulfide was added. The autoclave was placed in an oven and treated at 170° C. for 15 hours. Next, the obtained black precipitate was washed several times with acetone and ethanol and dried in a vacuum oven at a temperature of 60° C. A scanning electron microscope (SEM, Varios 460) and an X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD, RIGAKU, D/MAX-2500) were used to confirm the three-dimensional structure and crystalline structure of the nanoplates synthesized as described above.

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2

Oxidative Stress Measurement Assay

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Potassium 6-hydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate, phthalonitrile, 3-nitrophthalonitrile, potassium carbonate, zinc acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), n-pentanol, 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), and 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Korea. High-resolution mass spectra were obtained using Exactive Plus Orbitrap (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were recorded on a Bruker 300 MHz. Fluorescence spectra were collected using an Edinburgh FL900/FS900 spectrofluorometer. Electronic absorption spectra were recorded using a SHIMADZU UV-2450 spectrophotometer.
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3

Solvent Preparation for Experiments

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n-Propanol (99.7%, anhydrous), n-pentanol (≥99%, ACS grade), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, ≥99.9%, anhydrous) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. n-Pentanol, which was not available in an anhydrous form, was stored over molecular sieves (type 3A).
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4

Profiling Pears and Kiwifruits' Organic Acids and Polyphenols

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Zaosu pears and Xuxiang kiwifruits were from a local supermarket (Lanzhou, Gansu, China) and were selected for optimal ripeness and the absence of damage or spoilage. The analytical standards used in the organic acid and polyphenol analysis, oxalic, tartaric, l-malic, lactic, citric, succinic, quinic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, and gallic acids, as well as epicatechin, catechin, caffeic acid, and phloretin, were from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The aromatic compound standards, ethyl acetate, ethyl caproate, ethyl caprylate, isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate, n-pentanol, phenylethanol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, β-citronellol, geraniol, linalool, nerol, β-damascenone, and 2-octanol (internal standard), were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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5

Antigen Isolation from Oil Emulsion Vaccines

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Each manufacturer provided a separation method for antigen isolation from the aqueous phase of oil emulsion vaccines after reagent treatment. In M1, the vaccines were thoroughly mixed with the same volume of chloroform (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and centrifuged, followed by careful decantation; this process was then repeated to obtain pure antigen, and the final upper aqueous phase was used for quantification. In M2, 8% 1-butanol (Merck KGaA) was added to vaccine sample and mixed by vortexing (Scientific Industries, Inc., Bihemia, NY, USA), and then the sample was allowed to rest. This procedure was repeated three times, followed by centrifugation; the lower aqueous phase was then collected for antigen quantification. In M3, vaccine sample was mixed with chilled n-pentanol at 4 ℃ (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and maintained at 4 ℃ for 1 h. After layer separation, the lower aqueous phase was collected. Trichloroethylene (Merck KGaA) was added to the separated phase, then the sample was mixed vigorously and centrifuged. The upper aqueous phase containing the FMDV was used for quantification. For HPLC, the final samples obtained from the three methods were subjected to nuclease digestion.
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6

Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

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Typically, a solution containing 500 mg of PVP (MW = 40,000, Sigma-Aldrich) and 5.0 ml of n-pentanol (99%, Sigma-Aldrich) was prepared in a 10 ml glass vial. A 140 μl aqueous solution of 40 mg ml−1 Fe2(SO4)3 (Sigma-Aldrich) and a 500 μl of anhydrous ethanol (Pharmco-Aaper) were added into the glass vial and mixed thoroughly under vortex stirrer. The mixed solution was kept standing for 1 min to release gas bubbles. Then, a 60 μl aqueous solution of NH3 (28 wt%, Sigma-Aldrich) and a 50 μl of TEOS (98%, Sigma-Aldrich) were added into the solution in sequence. After each addition, the mixture was gently shaken for 30 s. The mixture was incubated at 25 °C for 4 h to allow the reaction complete.
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7

Chemicals Preparation for Research

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Potassium hydroxide (≥85%), n propanol (≥99%), carbon disulfide (≥98.99%), petroleum ether (≥98.99%), hexane (≥97%), acetone (≥99%), n butanol (≥99%), n pentanol (≥99%), n hexanol (≥98%), n heptanol (≥98%), n octanol (≥99%), potassium ethylxanthate (≥98%), cadmium chloride (≥99%), zinc chloride (≥97%), acetonitrile (≥99.99%), methanol (≥99.8%), ethyl acetate (≥99.5%), tetrahydrofuran (≥99.99%) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (≥99. %) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich or Fisher and used without further purification. Deuterated solvents for NMR were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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8

Analyzing Wine Composition Profiles

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Wines Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot (vintage in 2015-2016) are commercially available and were acquired from the store and made by different manufacturers (data are given in Table 1). Standards of acetaldehyde, methanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, ethyl acetate, 2-butanol, isobutanol, n-butanol, isoamyl alcohol, n-pentanol, and isoamyl acetate were acquired from Sigma Aldrich (Germany). All other chemical and reagents were of analytical purity grade.
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