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Tetrodotoxin ttx

Manufactured by Biotium
Sourced in United States

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that selectively blocks sodium channels, preventing the generation and propagation of action potentials in nerve and muscle cells. It is a naturally occurring compound found in various marine organisms, including certain species of pufferfish, newts, and some other animals. TTX is commonly used as a research tool to study the role of sodium channels in cellular physiology and neuroscience.

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2 protocols using tetrodotoxin ttx

1

Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Psychoactive Substances

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Pentylone⋅HCl and Methylone⋅HCl were obtained from Cayman Chemical. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) HCl was obtained from NIDA Drug Supply. The MDMA analog was obtained from Fox Chase Chemical Diversity Center (Doylestown, PA, United States). Drugs were dissolved in physiological saline for the i.v. routes of administration. Dosing is expressed as the salt.
We purchased tetrodotoxin (TTX) from Biotium (Hayward, CA, United States), and AP-5, CGP55845A and DNQX, U-50488, and nor-binaltorphimine from Tocris (Bristol, United Kingdom) for the electrophysiological recordings. Stock solutions of the drugs were prepared in either distilled water or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and added to the bath solution to achieve the desired concentration.
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2

Modulation of Neuronal Activity

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Tetrodotoxin (TTX; Biotium Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) was used at a concentration of 10 nM (low TTX) or 200 nM (high TTX) and Nickel chloride (NiCl; Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada) was used at a concentration of 1 mM in ACSF. Extracellular Ca2+ was also manipulated by changing its concentration in the ACSF (3 or 0 mM) while keeping the concentration of other positively-charged divalent ions (e.g., Mg2+) constant.
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