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42 protocols using rta00

1

Serum Cytokine Profiling in Rats

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Serum was collected monthly from the control and treated rats, and inflammatory cytokines were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) using rat ELISA kits according to the manufacturers' protocols. For rat TNF-α and TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), catalog #RTA00 and MRT10 from R & D Systems (Minneapolis, MN) were used, respectively; for interleukin-8 (IL-8) catalog #R6417 from Biotang Inc. (Waltham, MA); for the S100A8/A9 complex catalog #MBS036705 from MyBiosource.com (San Diego CA); and for C-reactive protein (CRP) catalog #RAB0097 from Sigma-Aldrich Inc. (St. Louis, MO). All serum assays were performed in triplicate.
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2

Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers Assay

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DRG were dissociated with a mortar and pestle in tissue extraction reagent supplied with protease and phosphatase inhibitors as previously described.27 (link),28 (link) Assay kits for glutathione (703002, Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) (detection range: 0.25–16 μM) superoxide dismutase (706002, Cayman Chemical) (detection range: 0.005–0.050 U/ml), DNA/RNA oxidative damage (589320, Cayman Chemical) (detection range: 10.3–3,000 pg/ml), IL-1β (RLB00, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) (detection range: 5–2,000 pg/ml), TNF (RTA00, R&D Systems) (detection range: 5–800 pg/ml), and CCL2 (ab100778, Abcam) (detection range: 24.67–18,000 μM), were used according to manufacturer instructions. Results were normalized to total protein levels (Bradford protein assay).
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3

Serum Biomarker Quantification via ELISA

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We measured serum CGRP (CSB-E08211r, CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC, Houston, Texas.), IL-1β (RLB00, R&D, Minnesota, USA), IL-6 (R6000B, R&D, Minnesota, USA), TNFα (RTA00, R&D), COX-2 (CSB-E13399r, CUSABIO TECHNOLOGY LLC), and BDNF (DBNT00, R&D) levels using ELISA according to the method recommended by the kit manufacturer.
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4

Renal Cytokine Level Determination

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The renal levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined using ELISA kits purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (catalogue number: ERIL1B) and R&D Systems (catalogue number: RTA00), respectively. Analyses were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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5

Tissue Extraction and Cytokine Quantification

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Tissue samples were dissociated with a gentleMACS Octo Dissociator (Miltenyi Biotec, Auburn, CA) or a mortar and pestle in tissue extraction reagent (50 mM Tris buffer containing 100 mM 6-amino-n-caproic acid, 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM benzamidine, 0.2 mM phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (in 100% ethanol)) supplied with protease and phosphatase inhibitors as previously described (Grace et al., 2016a (link), 2016c (link); Li et al., 2020 (link)). Assay kits for IL-1β (RLB00, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) (detection range: 5 – 2,000 pg/mL), IL-6 (R6000B, R&D Systems) (detection range: 62.5 – 4,000 pg/mL), and TNF (RTA00, R&D Systems) (detection range: 5 – 800 pg/mL) were used according to manufacturer instructions. Results were normalized to total protein levels (Bradford protein assay).
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6

Serum Cytokine Profiling with ELISA

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Blood samples were collected into non-heparinized tubes and centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 min, and the obtained serum was stored at − 80 °C. The amount of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (R6000B, R&D Systems), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (RTA00, R&D Systems), and IL-1β (RLB00, R&D Systems) in serum samples were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In brief, known concentrations of recombinant rat IL-6, TNF-α, or IL-1β and the experimental samples were added and incubated in polystyrene microtiter plates coated with an antibody against the appointed cytokine, followed by incubation with an enzyme-linked polyclonal antibody directed to the cytokine. Next, a substrate solution for the enzyme was added, and the colour development was stopped by adding 2N H2SO4. The absorbance was measured with a microtiter plate spectrophotometer. The amount of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in each sample was determined from a standard curve generated in each assay and expressed as pictograms per millilitre.
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7

Quantification of Serum TNF-alpha

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Serum samples were analyzed using a commercial kit for TNF-α (#RTA00, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer´s instructions. OD was analyzed at 450 nm on a microplate reader (Tecan®, Männedorf, Switzerland).
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8

Plasma TNF-α Quantification by ELISA

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Each plasma sample was analysed for TNF-α by ELISA using an ELISA kit (R&D Systems, RTA00, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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9

Serum TNF-α Measurement Using ELISA

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The serum levels of TNF-α were determined using a commercial ELISA kit (cat. no. RTA00; R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), according to the manufacturer's protocol. Differences in TNF-α levels were calculated by subtracting the serum levels of TNF-α at different time points (2, 4, and 8 weeks) from the serum levels prior to treatment.
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10

Hippocampal Inflammatory Cytokine Quantification

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Hippocampal level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits sourced from ThermoFisher Scientific (Catalogue number ERIL1B) and R&D Systems (Catalogue number RTA00) following the manufacturers’ protocol.
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