Sars cov 2 spike pseudovirus

Doxepin, chlorpheniramine, doxylamine, tripinamin, pyramine, and olopatadine were purchased from TargetMol (Boston, USA). Dulbecco's Modification of Eagle's Medium (DMEM) with high glucose (Cat. No. SH30022.01), and fetal bovine serum (Cat. No. 16140071) were from HyClone (Logan, UT, USA). Penicillin–streptomycin solution was obtained from Xi'an Hat Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Xi'an, China). Puromycin was purchased from Meilunbio (Dalian, China). SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus was purchased from Sino Biological (Beijing, China). Luciferase assay system was purchased from Proemga Biotech (Madison, USA).

The SARS-CoV-2 S_{_RBD}-His recombinant protein (S_{_RBD}), SARS-CoV S_{_RBD}-His recombinant protein, MERS-COV S_{_RBD}-His recombinant protein, HCoV-NL63 S1-His recombinant protein and SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus were obtained from Sino Biological, China. LY-13 lysis buffer purchased from AcroBiosystem, China. The modified peptides [3'-(CH₂)₇-CONH-Cys] were purchased from Glbiochem, China and the purities (95%) were measured by LCMS (Fig. S1). AuNPs in diameter of 10–20 nm were purchased from XFNANO, China. Phosphate-buffered saline [PBS; 10 mM sodium phosphate and 25 mM NaCl (pH 7.2)] was prepared using BupH Packs and NaCl from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. All solutions were prepared using molecular-grade, ultrapure, sterilized water. Before use, stock solutions of 0.25 mg mL^− 1 recombinant proteins and 1 mg mL^− 1 affinity peptides were prepared in ultrapure water and stored at − 80 °C until dilution to the required concentrations with PBS.

Fluorescent powders (Beijing Cypress Chemical Co., LTD., China) with diameter 48 μm are colorless under natural light but showed red fluorescence under blacklight (365 nm). This powder did not exist in nature and were therefore used as a tracer in on-site experiments. Fluorescent polystyrene latex microspheres with a diameter 2 μm were provided by Section of Ecological Environment and Energy Resources at Beijing Institute of Metrology. It showed silver-gray under scanning electron microscope (SEM) and green under blacklight or fluorescence microscope. As a proxy for SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus, which has no autonomous replication ability, was purchased (Sino Biological Inc., Beijing, China).