Uv vis 2600

By calculating the ratio of the volatile compound concentration to its odor perception threshold, the odor activity value (OAV) was obtained. This analysis was used to assess the potential contribution of individual volatile compounds to wine aroma.
Chromatic parameters were measured in triplicate using a spectrophotometer Shimadzu UV-Vis 2600 (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) [30 (link)] and analyzed via CIELab system to detect the lightness (L^*), reddish attribute (a^*), and yellowish attribute (b^*) of each wine [32 ]. The visual change in wine, described as ΔE, was calculated using the following equation [28 ]:

Various characterization techniques were employed for investigation of the material properties. The Raman measurements were used individually by continuous laser beam of Raman (λ = 750 nm, HORIBA micro-Raman, Lab Ram ARAMIS) to characterize ultra-thin films. To investigate the memristive behavior of heterostructured films, Raman measurements were individually performed at the zero bias and then at the HRS mode of memristor device. XPS studies were extensively used to evaluate the chemical compositions, percentage of elements, and vacancies in the RTA and heterostructured films as well as to determine the band alignment at semiconductor heterointerfaces (XPS, Thermo Scientific theta probe). The absorbance and reflectance spectra of samples were measured using UV–visible diffused reflectance spectrometer (Shimadzu, UV–Vis 2600) to evaluate the bandgap of heterostructured films. To this aim, all films were deposited on the highly transparent glass substrates. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM JEOL-7800F) was used for measurement of photoluminescence characteristics. Hall-effect measurements (Ecopia) were employed to measure the conductivity of the samples. Kelvin probe force microscopy was used to measure the surface potential of samples.