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10 protocols using pdest27

1

Characterizing TRIM28 Expression and Function

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The U2OS, Wi38-VA13 and HEK293T cells were cultured in dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and cultured in an incubator containing 5% CO2 at 37 ℃. Human full-length TRIM28 cDNA was cloned into pDEST27 (Invitrogen) with GST tag and Plenti-HAFL-puro with HA-Flag (HAFL) double tags.
Cells were infected with lentivirus corresponding to shRNAs or overexpression vectors and selected with puromycin. Sense and antisense DNA oligos designed according to siRNA sequences were synthesized and cloned into pLKO.1-GFP vector. The siRNA sequences are: siTRIM28-1, 5′-CCUggCUCUgUUCUCUgUCCU-3′; siTRIM28-2, 5′-CUgAgACCAAACCUgUgCUUA-3′; siLuci, 5′-CUUACGCUGAGUACUUCGA -3′.
Antibodies used in this study include: rabbit polyclonal anti-TRIM28 (Abcam), rabbit polyclonal anti-Flag (Abmart), mouse monoclonal anti-tubulin (Sigma), rabbit polyclonal anti-GAPDH (Abmart), rabbit polyclonal anti-53BP1 (Novus), rabbit polyclonal anti-GST (Abmart), mouse monoclonal anti-PML (Millipore), rabbit polyclonal anti-Histone H3 (Abcam), rabbit polyclonal anti-H3K9me3 (Abcam) and rabbit polyclonal anti-SETDB1 (Proteintech).
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2

Characterization of HP1BP3 Protein

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All cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 units/ml penicillin/streptomycin at 37°C and 5% CO2. Human full-length HP1BP3 cDNA was cloned into pDEST27 (Invitrogen) for GST tagging and pHAGE-based vectors for Flag tagging (Addgene). pET-MBP-His6-based vectors were for MBP tagging (Addgene). HP1 α cDNA was cloned into pHAGE-based vectors for Flag tagging (Addgene). Histone H1C recombinant protein was purchased from company (Sigma, H1917). Cells were reverse transfected with siRNAs for 48–72 h before analysis. The siRNA sequences are:
Antibodies used in the study include: rabbit polyclonal anti-HP1BP3 (generated in the lab), rabbit polyclonal anti-Flag (Sigma, F7425), anti-HA (Sigma, H3663), anti-GAPDH (ABclonal, AC027), anti-TRF2 (Millipore, 05-521), anti-γH2AX (Millipore, 05-636), rabbit polyclonal anti-GST (Abmart, M20007), mouse monoclonal anti-PML (Santa Cruz, sc966), rabbit polyclonal anti-Histone H3 (Abcam, ab1791), rabbit polyclonal anti-H3K9me3 (Abcam, ab8898) and rabbit polyclonal IgG (Millipore, 12-370). Monoclonal anti-TIN2 antibodies were generated in the Songyang lab.
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3

Cloning and Tagging of Rheb, ATP6AP1, and TRF1

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cDNAs encoding WT and mutant Rheb and ATP6AP1 were cloned into bacterial expression vectors for N-terminal GST or His tagging (pDEST27 and pET28a, Invitrogen), and eukaryotic expression vectors for N-terminal tagging with Flag-HA (pLenti-FLHA) or C-terminal tagging with SFB (S-tag, Flag and streptavidin-binding protein) (pLentiSFB).
cDNAs encoding various biotin ligases were cloned into the pcDNA3.1 vector for C-terminal Flag-HA tagging. TRF1 cDNA sequences were fused to cDNAs encoding various biotin ligases through a G4S linker and cloned into the pLenti vector for N-terminal HA-Flag tagging. Biotin ligases fused to a nuclear localization sequence were used as negative controls. All the constructs in this study have been sequence verified by Sanger sequencing. The pLKO.1 vector (#32682, Addgene) was used to clone the following shRNA sequences.
shNC: CCTAAGGTTAAGTCGCCCTCG;
shATP6AP1-1: GCATTGAGGATTTCACAGCAT;
shATP6AP1-2: TGCAGCTCTCTACCTACTTAG;
shATP6AP1-3: ACAGTGACATTCAAGTTCATT;
shATP6AP1-3′-UTR: TAAGAAGTACACGGGTTTATT.
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4

Cloning and Tagging of MCRK and ROCK Constructs

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pEGFP-actin was purchased from Clontech. Full-length MRCKα WT and MRCKβ kinase domain (KD) were provided by the T. Leung laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore (Leung et al., 1998 (link); Tan et al., 2001 (link)). Full-length MRCKα and all the derived constructs (MRCKα 1–478, MRCKα 1–478 KD, MRCKα 1–965, MRCKα 1–965 KD, and MRCKα D478A) were cloned into pDONR/zeo using Gateway BP Clonase as previously described (Gagliardi et al., 2014 (link)). ROCK1 and ROCK2 constructs were cloned from full-length coding sequences provided by J. Herskowitz (University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Swanger et al., 2016 (link)). From pDONR/zeo, the constructs were transferred through Gateway LR Clonase in the following destination vectors: pcDNADEST47 (C-Term GFP), in pcDNA-DEST53 (N-Term GFP), in pcDNA-C-mCherry (C-term mCherry), and in pDEST27 (GST-N-Term Tag), all from Invitrogen.
Dual-tagged (GST and GFP) constructs for screening of caspase-cleavage sequences were prepared as follows: GFP was amplified by PCR using primer couples for the BP Gateway reaction, where each forward primer includes one sequence coding for the polypeptides to be tested for caspase-cleavage (eight amino acids, six preceding the putative cleavage site and two after). Once obtained by cloning in pDONR/zeo, constructs were moved in pDEST27 (GST-N-Term Tag).
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5

Co-Affinity Purification of Protein Complexes

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To perform co-affinity purification experiments, ORFs encoding NS4 and WTAP or fragments, or CCHCR1 were transferred from pDONR207 to either pDEST27 (Invitrogen) or pCI-neo-3xFLAG expression vector to achieve GST and 3xFLAG fusion [39 (link)], respectively. HEK-293T cells were dispensed in each well of a 6-well plate (2 × 106 cells), and 24 h later transfected (JetPRIME; Polyplus) with 500 ng of each plasmid DNA per well. Two days post-transfection, cells were collected in PBS and then incubated on ice in lysis buffer (20 mM MOPS-KOH pH 7.4, 120 mM of KCl, 0.5% Igepal, 2 mM β-Mercaptoethanol, supplemented with Complete Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche)) for 20 min. Cell lysates were clarified by centrifugation at 14,000× g for 30 min. For pull-down analysis, protein extracts were incubated for 2 h at 4 °C on a spinning wheel with 30 μL of glutathione-sepharose beads (Amersham Biosciences) to purify GST-tagged proteins. Beads were then washed 3 times for 5 min with ice-cold lysis buffer and on a spinning wheel and, proteins were recovered by boiling in denaturing loading buffer (Invitrogen).
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6

Overexpression of LDHA in Cancer Cells

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The plasmid pDEST27-LDHA was constructed by subcloning of LDHA cDNA (purchased from Korea Human Gene Bank, Daejeon, Korea) into pDEST27 (Invitrogen) vectors. Two sets of subcloned for LDHA were conducted. For reconstruction of the LDHA, the SNU620/5FU-shLDHA cells were transfected with pDEST27-LDHA and empty pDEST27 plasmid. Briefly, the cells were cultured up to 70% confluency. Then, the cells were treated with a mixture including 3 µg of DNA and Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) for 48 h. After incubation, the cells were selected with 200 μg/mL G418 for 1 week. Then, to confirm the efficacy of transfection, we performed the Western blot assay.
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7

Purification of GST-Tagged Proteins

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The full-length coding sequences of the target proteins were subcloned into the vector pDEST27 (Invitrogen) or pBabe-CMV-SFB, which generated fusion proteins with N-terminal GST tag or C-terminal S tag-FLAG tag-SBP tag. The vectors were transfected into 293T cells with polyethyleneimine (Sigma-Aldrich, 408727). Cells were lysed after 40 h of transfection. Cells were incubated with NETN-G buffer with 1: 100 cocktail and 10 mM NaF for 30 min at 4 °C. The homogenates were centrifuged at 15,000 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C. Supernatants were incubated with precleared Glutathione Sepharose 4B (GE Healthcare, 17-0756-01) at 4 °C for an hour. After incubation, beads were washed for three times with 0.5 mL NETN-G buffer each time. Samples were then prepared to run western blot analysis.
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8

Genetic Manipulation and Tagging of TOE1

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Full-length TOE1 (from the human ORFeome v5.1 library) (34 (link)) and TOE1 mutants including DEDD domain deletion (TOE1-ΔDEDD) and catalytically inactive TOE1 (D64A/E66A) were cloned into pLenti-FLAG-HA lentiviral vectors for N-terminal FLAG and HA tagging. For GST-tagging TOE1, pDEST-27 (Invitrogen) vector was used. cDNAs for DKC1, TCAB1, TERT and GFP were cloned into pLenti-FLAG-HA vectors for N-terminal FLAG and HA tagging as well. Full-length and mutant TOE1 were also cloned into the pET vector for tagging with the His tag, expressed in bacteria and purified with Ni sepharose 6 Fast Flow beads (GE healthcare, 17-5318-01).
HeLa and 293T cells were cultured in DMEM media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Immunostaining experiments were performed in HeLa cells while other transfection related experiments were done in 293T cells due to its high transfection efficiency. siRNA oligos were ordered from RiboBio and transfected into cells using Lipofectamine® RNAiMAX (Thermo Fisher Scientific). siTOE1-A: 5′-ATAGCATCAAGCCTGAAGA-3′; siTOE1-B: 5′-TACCCTGGAGTTCTGCAAC-3′; siTOE1-C: 5′-GCTCAAGTGTTCAATCTCA-3′; siPARN: 5′- GGAAGAAGAAAGACAGTTATT-3′. The RNAi negative control (siNC) was also purchased from RiboBio.
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9

Cloning of EV-A71 Viral Proteins

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2B, 2C, 2BC, 3A, and 3AB genes of EV-A71 were chemically synthesized from GenScript and cloned into the BamHI and EcoRI sites of pEGFP-N1 vector (Clontech, Mountain View, CA, USA) to generate GFP fusion proteins. The STX17 gene was cloned into pGBKT7 (Clontech) and pCherry (Addgene, Cambridge, MA, USA).) vectors while the 2BC gene of EV-A71 was cloned into the pACT2 (Clontech) and pDEST27 (Thermo, Waltham, MA, USA) vectors. The pmRFP-LC3 and LAMP1-YFP vectors were obtained from Addgene. The tandem tagRFP-eGFP-LC3 vector was purchased from Thermo. The EV-A71 41-eGFP infectious cDNA clone was constructed by cloning the full-length genome of the virus with eGFP into pCR-XL-TOPO (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) as previously described [23 (link)].
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10

Pathway Activation Assay for BTV8

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HEK293T and HeLa cells were transfected using Polyplus transfection (JetPRIME), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. ORFs-encoding sequences from BTV8 WT strain were cloned into dedicated destination vectors as described in [24 (link)]. GST-tag and 3xFlag-tag fusions were achieved by Gateway cloning using pDEST27 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and pCI-neo-3xFlag vector, respectively. An expression vector pNRIG-I carrying genes for the constitutively active N-terminal CARDs of human RIG-I (NRIG-I) has been used to stimulate the luciferase reporter gene downstream of an IFN-β specific promoter sequence as previously described [25 (link)]. pcDNA3.1-Flag-TRAF3, pDEST27-MAVS, pcDNA3.0-MAVS-c-Myc and all MAVS mutant constructs were kindly obtained from Eliane F. Meurs (Institut Pasteur, Paris). Moreover, finally, pSPICA-N1 human TRAF3, MAVS, TBK1, IKKε and IRF3, as well as pSPICA-N1-RRS, were generously provided by Yves Jacob and Caroline Demeret (Institut Pasteur, Paris).
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