The stock solution of 10% CeCl3 (w/v) was prepared with 10 g CeCl3 (Sigma–Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland) dissolved in 100 mL (end volume) of bidistilled sterile filtered water, yielding a final concentration of 270 mM. The CeCl3 solutions of 1% and 5% were prepared by dilution with sterile bidistilled water. The complexometric EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) revealed the Ce3+ fraction to be 38.53%, yielding an effective Ce3+ of 101.8 mM for the 10% solution and 50.5 mM and 10.1 mM for the 5% and 1% solutions, respectively [15 (link)].
Cecl3
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Switzerland
CeCl3 is a chemical compound consisting of cerium and chlorine. It is a white, crystalline solid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. The core function of CeCl3 is to serve as a source of cerium ions in various chemical reactions and analytical applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Jem 1400, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Em uc7 ultramicrotome, by Leica (1 mentions)
Polysine slide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ammonium hydroxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Silver nitrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fecl3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium borohydride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mgcl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Zncl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Succinic anhydride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cacl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hgcl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fecl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cucl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cdcl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pbs buffer, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pb no3 2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
As2o3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cr no3 3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
7 protocols using cecl3
1
Preparation of Cerium Chloride Solutions
2
Cytochemical Detection of H2O2 in Wheat Leaves
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The active oxygen species H2O2 was detected cytochemically by its reaction with cerium chloride (CeCl3) to produce electron-dense deposits of cerium perhydroxides. Tissue pieces (approximately1 mm3) were excised from flag leaf of wheat under normal or excessive N treatments and were immediately perfused in 10 mM CeCl3 (Sigma) in 50 mM 3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid (MOPS) (pH7.2) for 1 h. Tissues were then fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate (CAB) buffer (pH7.2) for 4–24 h. After fixation, tissues were washed twice for 10 min in CAB buffer and postfixed for 4 h in 1% osmium tetroxide in 0.1 M CAB. Tissues were dehydrated in an ethanol series at room temperature and were finally embedded in epon resin 812 at 60 °C. Ultrathin sections (70 to 90 nm) stained with 2% aqueous uranyl acetate for 10 min were examined using a transmission electron microscope (JEM-1400; JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 75 kV. H2O2was localized as electron-dense precipitates of cerium perhydroxides88 (link).
3
Visualizing H2O2 Accumulation in Hylocereus Pericarp
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The H2O2 content in H. undatus pericarp was detected using histochemical methods76 (link)–78 (link). Tissue blocks (2 × 2 × 2 mm) were excised from fresh and decaying H. undatus pericarp. These tissue blocks were suspended in an aqueous solution of 5 mM CeCl3 (Sigma, UK) in glutaraldehyde buffer and allowed to incubate for 2 h at 28 °C to visualize H2O2 accumulation within the tissues. Subsequently, the samples were rinsed with phosphate buffer and dehydrated with a gradient of ethanol solutions (30%, 50%, 70%, and 80%). Afterwards, the samples were transferred to 90% and 95% acetone solutions and treated for 15 min, respectively. Finally, samples were treated twice with pure acetone for 20 min each time. The samples were then treated with a mixture of Spurr embedding agent and acetone (V/V = 1/1 and 3/1) for 1 and 3 h, respectively, and finally with pure embedding agent overnight. Thin sections (70–90 nm) of the samples were obtained using a LEICA EM UC7 ultramicrotome. Deposition of cerium peroxide was monitored using an H-7800 transmission electron microscope operating at 80 kV76 (link).
4
Ultrastructural Analysis of Mutant Nodules
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A detailed structure of rosR mutant nodules was characterized using electron microscopy. The plant material was prepared for TEM analysis as described earlier (Janczarek et al., 2015a (link)). The localization of H2O2 in nodules occupied by Rt2472 and Rt24.2 was determined as described previously (D'Haeze et al., 2004 (link); Kopcińska, 2009 ). H2O2 was localized based on the reaction with CeCl3 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.) forming Ce-perhydroxides, which appear as black precipitates when observed by TEM (Bestwick et al., 1997 (link)).
5
Synthesis and Functionalization of Silver Nanostructures
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Silver
nitrate (AgNO3), hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) (HAuCl4·3H2O), N,N-diisopropylethylamine
(DIPEA), succinic anhydride, sodium borohydride (NaBH4),
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 30%, 15.7 M), PAA (MW: 100k,
35% wt in H2O), PBS buffer, Al(NO3)3, As2O3, As2O5, CaCl2, CdCl2, CeCl3, CrBr2, Cr(NO3)3, CuCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, HgCl2, MgCl2, Pb(NO3)2, and ZnCl2 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Glucose, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and dimethylformamide (DMF) were
purchased from Fisher Scientific. Cyanine7.5 carboxylic acid was purchased
from Lumiprobe. All chemicals were used without further purification,
and the glassware was cleaned using aqua regia comprised of a 3:1
mixture of HCl and HNO3 by volume. Deionized water (DI-H2O) at the resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm was obtained
from a Milli-Q system. ProPlate 64-well multichambers were purchased
from Grace Bio-Labs. Polysine slides were purchased from Thermo Scientific,
and the slides were carboxylated before the growth of Ag-NIFs. Briefly,
the Polysine slides were ultrasonically cleaned in the order of solvent
baths of acetone, methanol, and DI-H2O for 5 min each.
Then, five slides were immersed in a DMF solution containing succinic
anhydride (0.45 g) and DIPEA (0.6 mL) for 18 h. The slides were cleaned
sequentially with EtOH and DI-H2O, and store at 4 °C
after spin-drying.
nitrate (AgNO3), hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) (HAuCl4·3H2O), N,N-diisopropylethylamine
(DIPEA), succinic anhydride, sodium borohydride (NaBH4),
ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 30%, 15.7 M), PAA (MW: 100k,
35% wt in H2O), PBS buffer, Al(NO3)3, As2O3, As2O5, CaCl2, CdCl2, CeCl3, CrBr2, Cr(NO3)3, CuCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, HgCl2, MgCl2, Pb(NO3)2, and ZnCl2 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Glucose, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and dimethylformamide (DMF) were
purchased from Fisher Scientific. Cyanine7.5 carboxylic acid was purchased
from Lumiprobe. All chemicals were used without further purification,
and the glassware was cleaned using aqua regia comprised of a 3:1
mixture of HCl and HNO3 by volume. Deionized water (DI-H2O) at the resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm was obtained
from a Milli-Q system. ProPlate 64-well multichambers were purchased
from Grace Bio-Labs. Polysine slides were purchased from Thermo Scientific,
and the slides were carboxylated before the growth of Ag-NIFs. Briefly,
the Polysine slides were ultrasonically cleaned in the order of solvent
baths of acetone, methanol, and DI-H2O for 5 min each.
Then, five slides were immersed in a DMF solution containing succinic
anhydride (0.45 g) and DIPEA (0.6 mL) for 18 h. The slides were cleaned
sequentially with EtOH and DI-H2O, and store at 4 °C
after spin-drying.
6
Synthesis and Characterization of Rare-Earth Chlorides
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The following materials were used in this
study: CsCl (Sigma, 99.999%), PbCl2 (Sigma, 99.999%, anhydrous),
LaCl3 (Sigma, >99.99%, anhydrous), CeCl3 (Sigma,
99.99%, anhydrous), PrCl3 (Sigma, 99.99%, anhydrous), NdCl3 (AlfaAesar, 99.9%, anhydrous), SmCl3 (Sigma, 99.9%,
anhydrous), SmI2 (Sigma, 99.9%, anhydrous), EuCl3 (Sigma, 99.99%, anhydrous), EuI2 (Sigma, 99.999%, anhydrous),
GdCl3 (Sigma, 99.99%, anhydrous), TbCl3 (Sigma,
99.99%, anhydrous), DyCl3 (Sigma, 99.99%, anhydrous), HoCl3 (Sigma, 99.9%, anhydrous), ErCl3 (Sigma, 99.9%,
ultra dry), ErI3 (abcr, 99.9%, anhydrous), TmCl3 (Sigma, 99.9%, anhydrous), YbCl3 (Sigma, 99.99%, anhydrous),
LuCl3 (Sigma, 99.99%, anhydrous).
study: CsCl (Sigma, 99.999%), PbCl2 (Sigma, 99.999%, anhydrous),
LaCl3 (Sigma, >99.99%, anhydrous), CeCl3 (Sigma,
99.99%, anhydrous), PrCl3 (Sigma, 99.99%, anhydrous), NdCl3 (AlfaAesar, 99.9%, anhydrous), SmCl3 (Sigma, 99.9%,
anhydrous), SmI2 (Sigma, 99.9%, anhydrous), EuCl3 (Sigma, 99.99%, anhydrous), EuI2 (Sigma, 99.999%, anhydrous),
GdCl3 (Sigma, 99.99%, anhydrous), TbCl3 (Sigma,
99.99%, anhydrous), DyCl3 (Sigma, 99.99%, anhydrous), HoCl3 (Sigma, 99.9%, anhydrous), ErCl3 (Sigma, 99.9%,
ultra dry), ErI3 (abcr, 99.9%, anhydrous), TmCl3 (Sigma, 99.9%, anhydrous), YbCl3 (Sigma, 99.99%, anhydrous),
LuCl3 (Sigma, 99.99%, anhydrous).
7
Ultrastructural Localization of Hydrogen Peroxide in Wheat Anthers
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Hydrogen peroxide in anthers was localized at the ultrastructural level by using the cerium chloride method of Luo et al. (2013) (link). Briefly, wheat anthers at various developmental stages were incubated in a fresh solution of 10 mM CeCl3 (Sigma–Aldrich, United States) in a 50 mM 3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) buffer (pH 7.2). The washed, fixed and dehydrated anthers were embedded in Eponate resin (Ted Pella Inc., Redding, CA, United States). Ultrathin sections were evaluated without further staining under a transmission electron microscope (JEM-1230, JEOL, Tokyo, Japan).
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