Gibco foetal bovine serum

This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of the University of Malaya Medical Centre (MREC ID No: 2021518-10145). Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) isolated from the human umbilical cord were used to conduct biocompatibility analysis on the fabricated bioscaffold. Initially, the collected umbilical cord was immersed in 70% ethanol for 30 s followed by rinsing twice with PBS. Then, the inner lining of the umbilical cord tissue, known as Wharton’s jelly, was cut into approximately 5 mm in diameter and rinsed with PBS to remove the blood clots. Next, the tissue was transferred into a T25 flask containing complete media comprising 90% DMEM/F-12 (ATCC), 10% Gibco Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, Europe approved, South American Origin), 1% of Gibco antibiotic–antimycotic solution (100×, Thermo Fisher Scientific), and 1% of Gibco Glutamax supplement (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and incubated at 37 °C in a humid atmosphere of 5% CO₂. The isolated cells were trypsinised and grown until passage 3.

Pheochromocytoma cells are derived from the rat adrenal medulla (Tharushi Perera et al., 2022 ▸ ). The PC 12 cell line used in this study was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA) and cultured in a complete Gibco RPMI medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Australia) supplemented with 10% Gibco horse serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Australia, HS), 5% Gibco foetal bovine serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Australia, FBS) and 1% Gibco penicillin/streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Australia). Supplements were stored as aliquots at −20°C. Stock solutions of the PC 12 cells were prepared in a medium containing 90% FBS and 10% DMSO and stored in liquid nitro­gen. The cells were maintained at 37°C with 5% CO₂ in a 95% humidified incubator. The medium was changed every two days and passaged accordingly when the confluence reached 90%.

The PC 12 cell line was derived from a transplantable rat pheochromocytoma of the adrenal gland [7 (link)]. The PC 12 cell line was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA) and cultured in a complete Gibco™ RPMI medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Australia) supplemented with 10% Gibco™ horse serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Australia, HS), 5% Gibco™ foetal bovine serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Australia, FBS) and 1% Gibco™ penicillin/streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Australia, PS). Supplements were stored as aliquots at −20°C. Stock solutions of the PC 12 cells were prepared in a medium containing 90% FBS and 10% DMSO and stored in liquid nitrogen. The cells were maintained at 37°C with 5% CO₂ in a 95% humidified incubator. The medium was changed every 2 days and passaged accordingly when the confluence reached 90%.