Spss 23 for macintosh

Analyses were performed using SPSS 23 for Macintosh. Subjects with diabetes
were divided in two groups based on additional treatment to ongoing therapy:
the empagliflozin and incretin groups. Nondiabetic healthy subjects were
defined as the control group. Based on the time to peak dilation at the FMD
test, subjects in the empagliflozin and incretin groups were divided into
three different categories: early, late and no dilators. The incretin group
was further divided into those who were administered sitagliptin or
liraglutide to evaluate drug-related differences. Triglycerides, blood
viscosity and SS were not normally distributed; therefore, they were
log-transformed before statistical analyses. Continuous variables were
compared using the t-test for paired and unpaired tests
where applicable. The chi-square test was used to compare percentages
between groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests
as well as the general linear model for repeated measures were used to
evaluate differences among subjects divided in three groups.

Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for normally distributed variables according to the Shapiro–Wilk test. Variables with a non-normally distributions are expressed as the median value with interquartile range. Categorical variables are presented as frequencies and percentages. Differences between groups were determined using Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Differences in continuous variables were analyzed by the unpaired t test or the Mann–Whitney U test, as appropriate. Missing data were excluded from the analyses. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the probability of HF-related events up to 3 years after enrollment. The log-rank test was used to compare distributions of event-free times between the PVD group and the non-PVD group. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate HF-related event hazard ratios (HRs) by univariate and multivariable analyses with forced inclusion modeling. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are presented. A P value < .05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23 for Macintosh (SPSS Inc, Tokyo, Japan).