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6 protocols using rabbit anti phospho β catenin

1

Amyloid-beta Peptide Detection and Cell Death Analysis

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Differentiation medium with Aβ40 peptide treatment for each condition was collected and analyzed by WB in order to determine the presence of the Aβ40 peptide in its monomeric form. For the detection of cell death, β-catenin and p-β-catenin, 50 µg of cellular extracts of differentiated cultures after Aβ peptide treatment were analyzed. Samples were boiled for 5 min, loaded on a 12% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel, electrophoresed and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (GE Healthcare). Membranes were blocked in PBS containing 5% nonfat dairy milk with 0.05% Tween20 (Sigma) for 1 h at RT. Blots were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against mouse β-actin (1:1000; Sigma), mouse anti-Aβ 4G8 (1:1000; Covance) mouse anti-phospho-Histone H2A.X (γH2AFX; 1:1000; Millipore (Burlington, MA, USA)), rabbit anti-β-catenin (1:1000; Cell Signaling) or rabbit anti-phospho-β-catenin (1:1000; Cell Signaling). The blots were developed using peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (GARPO; 1:3000; Vector Laboratories), peroxidase-conjugated horse anti-mouse (HAMPO; 1:3000, Vector Laboratories) or goat anti-rabbit (GARPO; 1:3000; Vector Laboratories) for 1 h at RT and visualized using the ECL system (Millipore).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Copper-Transporting ATPases

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Cells were cultured in 24-well plates, 6-well plates, or 100-mm dishes. Cells or tissue were lysed using 1xRiPA buffer (with EDTA free protease inhibitor cocktail) on ice for 1 h, and debris as well as nuclei were removed by centrifugation at 10000g for 15 min. Protein concentration in the resulting cleared lysate was determined by BCA assay. Before electrophoretic separation of proteins, each sample was combined with an equal volume of 2× Laemmlli sample containing 5% β-mercaptoethanol. Proteins were then resolved on 8% Laemmlli SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membrane at 90 V for 90 min using CAPS buffer. Primary antibodies used in immunoblotting were: rabbit anti-ATP7A CT77 (Hycult biotech), mouse monoclonal anti-α-tubulin (Sigma, T8203), mouse anti-β-catenin (BD Biosciences, catalog #610153), rabbit anti-ATP7B (Abcam ab124973), mouse anti-Na/K-ATPase (millipore 05-369), rabbit anti-Phospho-β-catenin (Cell Signaling, catalog #9561), rabbit anti-GSK-3α/β (Cell Signaling, catalog #5676), mouse anti-β-catenin (Santa Cruz, SC-7963). Secondary antibodies were: goat polyclonal anti-mouse IgG HRP-conjugate (Santa Cruz, SC-2005), goat polyclonal anti-rabbit IgG HRP-conjugate (Santa Cruz, SC-2004). All antibodies were used at a dilution of 1:1000.
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3

Oxidative Stress Regulation in Cells

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Reagent sources were as follows: DMEM, sulindac, ET-1, PEG-catalase, PEG-SOD, apocynin (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO); DHE, C-H2DCFDA (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Eugene, Dregon, USA); BCA protein assay kit, H2O2 assay kit, catalase assay kit and total SOD assay kits (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). O2.− assay kit (Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Najing, China). Antibody sources were as follows: rabbit anti-GSK-3β, rabbit anti-phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9), rabbit anti-β-catenin, rabbit anti-phospho-β-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41), rabbit anti-SODl (#2770), rabbit anti-SOD2 (#13194), rabbit anti-catalase (#14097), horseradish peroxidase-labeled IgG anti-rabbit (or mouse) antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, CA, USA) and mouse anti-β-actin (Abeam, Cambridge, MA, USA).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Neurological Proteins

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Western blot was performed as previously described.16 The right brain hemispheres were homogenized in RIPA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and centrifuged at 14,000 g at 4°C for 30 min. Equal samples were loaded on an SDS‐PAGE gel, and then the proteins were electrophoresed and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. The membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with the primary antibodies as followed: rabbit anti‐TREM‐1 (1:1000, Abcam), rabbit anti‐SYK (1:1000, Abcam), rabbit anti‐β‐Catenin (1:3000, Abcam), rabbit anti‐phospho‐β‐Catenin (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), rat anti‐ ZO‐1 (1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), rabbit anti‐Claudin‐5 (1:1000, Abcam), and mouse anti‐β‐actin (1:3000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The respective secondary antibody (1:3000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) were incubated at room temperature for 2 h. Immunoblots were probed with an ECL Plus chemiluminescence reagent kit (Amersham Biosciences) and visualized with an imaging system (Bio‐Rad, VersaDoc, model 4000). Relative density was analyzed using Image J software.
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5

Western Blotting of Tumor Tissue Lysates

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Primary antibodies used included rabbit anti–phospho-β-catenin (#4176), rabbit anti-cyclin D1 (#55506), rabbit anti-YAP1 (#4912), rabbit anti-CYR61(#39382), rabbit anti-KEAP1 (#4678), mouse anti–E-cadherin (#5296), rabbit anti-BRD4 (#13440), and rabbit anti–glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (#5174) from Cell Signaling Technology; rabbit anti-active YAP1 (ab205270) and rabbit anti-NRF2 (ab137550) from Abcam; mouse anti–β-catenin (610154) from BD Transduction Laboratories; rabbit anti–poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase 1/2 (sc-7150) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; and mouse anti–β-actin (A5441, Sigma-Aldrich). Anti-mouse (#7076) and anti-rabbit (#7074) horseradish peroxidase–linked secondary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Tumor tissues were dissociated/processed into single cells at 3% O2 and ambient air, and we lysed/removed the red blood cells. Cell lysates were prepared in radioimmunoassay buffer and analyzed by Western blotting as described previously (55 (link)).
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6

Oxidative Stress Regulation in Cells

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Reagent sources were as follows: DMEM, sulindac, ET-1, PEG-catalase, PEG-SOD, apocynin (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO); DHE, C-H2DCFDA (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Eugene, Dregon, USA); BCA protein assay kit, H2O2 assay kit, catalase assay kit and total SOD assay kits (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). O2.− assay kit (Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Najing, China). Antibody sources were as follows: rabbit anti-GSK-3β, rabbit anti-phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9), rabbit anti-β-catenin, rabbit anti-phospho-β-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41), rabbit anti-SODl (#2770), rabbit anti-SOD2 (#13194), rabbit anti-catalase (#14097), horseradish peroxidase-labeled IgG anti-rabbit (or mouse) antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, CA, USA) and mouse anti-β-actin (Abeam, Cambridge, MA, USA).
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