Phosphorylated as160

BGN was purchased from Flarebio (College Park, MD, USA). STO-609 (an inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase, CAMKK) was purchased from SignalChem (St. Louis, MO, USA). 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide was purchased from Toronto Research Chemical Incorporation (Toronto, ON, Canada). Polyclonal antibodies against phosphorylated AMPKα, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), phosphorylated ACC, and β-actin were purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). AMPKα, AKT, phosphorylated AKT, forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), phosphorylated FoxO1, AKT substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), and phosphorylated AS160 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). GLUT4 was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) was provided by Merck (Rahway, NJ, USA). LY-294002 (an AKT inhibitor), Fluo-3 AM, Ionomycin, forskolin, and Verapamil (a calcium channel blocker) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hybond electrochemiluminescence (ECL) nitrocellulose membranes were obtained from GE Healthcare (Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK).