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5 protocols using mouse tuj1

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Brain Slices

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Membranes were transferred into 6 well plates and slices were fixed for 20mins in 4 % paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS (applied both above and below the membrane insert). To reduce the volumes required for subsequent steps, the membranes were cut free of the plastic inserts and the sections of membrane containing the slices were transferred, using forceps, to individual wells in a 24 well plate. Slices were washed twice in TBS, blocked for 1 h in blocking solution (TBS with 0.5 % Triton X-100 and 3 % Goat Serum) then incubated in 200 μl primary antibody diluted in blocking solution overnight at 4 °C with shaking. Slices were washed 3 times in TBS before being incubated (2 hs, RT in the dark) with Alexa488, 568 or 647 conjugated secondary antibodies (Life Technologies-diluted 1:250 in blocking solution). After a final 3 TBS washes, some slices were counterstained with Thioflavin S, BTA-1, Nissl or Hoechst. Images were captured using a Nikon Confocal Microscope. Primary antibodies used: mouse Tuj1 (Covance 1:1000), rabbit Tuj1 (Sigma 1:500), chicken Tuj1 (Abcam:1:1000) rabbit NFL (Millipore 1:250), mouse MOAB2 (pan specific to Aβ- Millipore 1:1000), rabbit GFAP (Abcam 1:1000), mouse synaptophysin (Dako 1:1000), rabbit PSD95 (Abcam 1:500), rabbit tau (Dako 1:1000), rabbit Iba1 (Wako 1:500) rabbit calbindin and rabbit parvalbumin (Kind gifts from Dr P Emson 1:1000).
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2

Immunohistochemistry of Neural Markers

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IHC was performed on 16μm serial sections with blocking and antibody incubation carried out overnight at 4°C in PBS containing 0.3% Triton/10% normal goat serum with the exception of GAD67 for which Triton was excluded. For human brains, the cryosections were heated for antigen retrieval in sodium citrate buffer before blocking. Primary antibodies were used at the following dilutions: rabbit Olig2 (1:2000; Dr. Charles D Stiles, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Boston MA), rabbit Olig1 (1:1000; Dr. Charles D Stiles, Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Boston MA), mouse MBP (1:1000; Covance), rabbit DCX (1:500; Cell Signaling); mouse BrdU (1:100; BD Biosciences); mouse GAD67 (1:500; Millipore); mouse Tuj1 (1:1000; Covance); rabbit GFAP (1:1000; Dako); rat PDGFRα (1:500 BD Biosciences), rabbit pSMAD1/5/8 (1:1000; Cell Signaling). BrdU detection was carried out as previously described18 (link), with IHC for the protein of interest carried out as described above before the application of the BrdU antibody. After primary antibody incubation and washes, sections were incubated with Alexa-fluor conjugated species directed secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) and then rinsed before being mounted with DAPI Fluoromount-G.
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3

Immunocytochemistry of Cortical Progenitors

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Cortical progenitors were cultured for 2 days to assess proliferation and for 3 days to analyze in vitro differentiation. The cells were fixed for 10 min in 4% PFA in 0.1 m phosphate buffer, permeabilized with 0.2% NP-40 for 10 min and blocked in 6% goat serum and 0.5% bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline (−) for 1 h. The slides were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C, followed by 1-h incubation with secondary antibodies at room temperature. Mouse anti-Ki-67 (1:200, BD Bioscience Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), chick anti-green fluorescent protein (GFP) (1:400, Thermo Fisher Scientific), rabbit anti-GFP (1:400, Thermo Fisher Scientific), mouse Tuj1 (1:1000, Covance, Princeton, NJ, USA) and rabbit Tuj1 (1:1000, Covance) were used as primary antibodies. Alexa 488 goat anti-rabbit and anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (1:500, Thermo Fisher Scientific), and Alexa 568 anti-rabbit, and anti-mouse IgG immunoglobulin G (1:500, Thermo Fisher Scientific) were used as secondary antibodies. Finally, we counterstained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; (1:1000, Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan) and mounted the slides using Fluorescence Mounting Medium (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Images were acquired using a BX51 fluorescence microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).
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4

Protein Expression Profiling in Brain Cells

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OBs were microdissected from the brain, homogenized, and lysed in RIPA buffer (with Halt, 5 mM EDTA, and DNaseI) on ice. Cell pellets were thawed and lysed in Nonidet P-40 buffer (1% Nonidet P-40 buffer, 50 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl) on ice for 45 min. Lysed cells were centrifuged for 20 min at 14,000 rpm in 4°C. The supernate was saved and concentration assessed at 595 nm using a spectrophotometer and the Protein Concentration Assay Reagent (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) to generate standards. Twenty micrograms of total protein was loaded into a 10% SDS-PAGE gel and separated for 1 h at 200 V. A polyvinylidene fluoride membrane was activated, and proteins were transferred at 30 V for 1 h at 4°C. Membranes were blocked in 10% milk in 1× PBS for 1 h at room temperature. Primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4°C and diluted in 5% milk in 1× PBS with Tween 20: mouse GFAP (1:1000; MilliporeSigma), mouse TuJ1 (1:1000; Covance, Princeton, NJ, USA), mouse Oct3/4 (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), rat LIN28 (1:500), and mouse β-actin (1:1000; MilliporeSigma). Bound primary antibodies detected using horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse (1:10,000) and anti-rat (1:12,500) were incubated for 1 h at room temperature and diluted in 5% milk in 1× PBS Tween 20.
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5

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Neuronal Markers

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Immunohistochemistry experiments were performed on neurons plated on glass coverslips. Standard immunohistochemistry protocols were used. Coverslips were stained with DAPI and a combination of the following antibodies: mouse-Map2(2a+2b) (1:500, Sigma), mouse-TUJ1 (1:1000, Covance), Rabbit-GFAP (1:200, Dako), and GDAP1L1 (1:250, Origene).
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