We collected structural T1-weighted MRI and DTI at baseline first using a Signa VH/i 3 T scanner (GE Healthcare, Chalfont St Giles, UK) with a 16-channel coil, and then, due to update of the scanner in the research centre, using Magnetom Skyra 3 T system and a 32-channel head coil (Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany) at Aalto AMI Centre, Aalto NeuroImaging, Aalto University School of Science. Established sequences were used, and the detailed parameters are described in Table 3 . With the GE scanner, we used a spoiled-gradient-echo sequence to acquire the T1-weighted images in 180 slices with 1.02x1.02x1 mm voxels. With the Siemens scanner, a magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo sequence was used for 176 sagittal/192 transversal slices with 1x1x1 mm voxels. DTI data were acquired during the same imaging session. With the GE scanner, diffusion sensitizing gradients (b = 1000 s/mm2) were used to image 60 noncollinear directions and 4 non-diffusion weighted images (b = 0 s/mm2) in 56 axial slices without gaps and with voxel size of 1.88x1.88x3 mm. With the Siemens scanner, the same b-values were used in a 2-dimensional spin-echo EPI sequence. Sixty-four noncollinear directions and 1 non-diffusion weighted image were gathered in 58 axial slices without gaps; voxel size was 1.88x1.88x3 mm.
Magnetom skyra 3t system
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The Magnetom Skyra 3T system is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner manufactured by Siemens. It operates at a magnetic field strength of 3 Tesla, providing high-quality imaging capabilities. The core function of this system is to generate detailed images of the human body for medical diagnostic purposes.
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8 protocols using magnetom skyra 3t system
1
Multimodal MRI and DTI Acquisition Protocol
2
Brain MRI in Ischemic Stroke Characterization
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Brain magnetic resonance imaging was conducted within 24 h of admission for all patients by use of a MAGNETOM Skyra 3T system (Siemens, Munich, Germany). The obtained DWI images were reviewed by experienced neuroradiologists (including Chief Physician) who were blinded to the study groups.
The ischemic lesions were classified based on the amount (single or multiple) and size (small: < 1 cm diameter; large: > 1 cm diameter)[11 (link)]. According to the vascular territory involved, the lesions were divided into anterior circulation, posterior circulation and multiple territories[11 (link)]. The lesions were also classified based on cortical involvement (only-cortical, cortical–subcortical, and only-subcortical). We further synthesized and divided the infarction patterns into single territory single lesion, single territory multiple lesions, multiple territories small scattered lesions, and multiple territories large and small lesions, in accordance with a previous study[17 (link)].
The ischemic lesions were classified based on the amount (single or multiple) and size (small: < 1 cm diameter; large: > 1 cm diameter)[11 (link)]. According to the vascular territory involved, the lesions were divided into anterior circulation, posterior circulation and multiple territories[11 (link)]. The lesions were also classified based on cortical involvement (only-cortical, cortical–subcortical, and only-subcortical). We further synthesized and divided the infarction patterns into single territory single lesion, single territory multiple lesions, multiple territories small scattered lesions, and multiple territories large and small lesions, in accordance with a previous study[17 (link)].
3
Functional MRI Acquisition Protocol
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We acquired 600 blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) functional images for each functional echo planar imaging session using a Siemens Magnetom Skyra 3-T system (Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany) with a 30-channel head coil at the Aalto University Advanced Magnetic Imaging Center. Imaging parameters for the functional images were as follows: TR, 1500 ms; TE, 30 ms; flip angle, 75°; field of view, 24 cm; base resolution 64 × 64; and 36 slices resulting in a voxel size of 3.75 × 3.75 × 4 mm. In addition, T1-weighted structural images were acquired with a voxel size of 1 × 1 × 1 mm.
4
Cardiac MRI Protocols for CO Exposure Assessment
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We obtained cardiac MRI delay enhancement images using a Magnetom Skyra 3T system (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) with a 32-channel body coil. We administered 0.2 mmol/kg gadoteridol (ProHance; Bracco S.p.A., Milan, Italy) via a vein to obtain LGE images. We used a phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequence 10 min after injection (echo time: 1.99 ms, repeat time: 695 ms, flip angle: 20°, slice thickness: 8 mm, field of view: 37 × 37 cm, acquisition matrix size: 256 × 192, and pixel size: 1.5 × 1.9 mm). The inversion time was adjusted for each patient using the look-locker sequence to achieve a null signal from the normal myocardium. Cardiac MRI was performed within 7 days of exposure to CO for all included patients and 4 to 5 months after, if follow-up was possible. A certified radiologist (S.M.K), blinded to clinical information, interpreted the cardiac MRI twice (2 months apart between the first and second). Based on cardiac MRI findings, patients were classified into LGE and non-LGE groups.
5
Multimodal MRI Protocol for Hippocampus
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All MRI scans were acquired on a Siemens Magnetom Skyra 3T system. The volumetric imaging protocol included a 3D T1-weighted MPRAGE (acquired resolution 0.86 mm isotropic) and two 2D T2-weighted high-resolution hippocampal turbo spin-echo sequences (multi-contrast and single-contrast) (reconstructed resolution 0.34 × 0.34 × 1.5 mm). Full imaging details are as described by Nurdal et al. [28 ].
6
Multimodal MRI Imaging Protocol for Functional Brain Analysis
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Anatomical and functional MRI images were acquired in all subjects on a Siemens 3T Magnetom Skyra system using a 32-channel array head coil and tetrahedron-shaped foam pads to minimize head movement. High-resolution structural whole-brain images were acquired using a T1-weighted sequence with 0.5 × 0.5 × 1.2 mm3 resolution, TR = 2.3 s, TI = 0.9 s, TE = 1.96 ms, and FA = 9°. Subjects were instructed to keep their eyes open during which resting-state (RS) functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) data were acquired by using a gradient echo-planar sequence sensitive to blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast with 3.28 × 3.28 × 3.3 mm3 resolution, 50 slices, TR = 2.9 s, TE = 30 ms, FA = 90°, and total acquisition time of 464 s.
7
Multimodal Brain Imaging for Epilepsy Localization
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Anatomical and functional MRI images were acquired in all subjects on a Siemens 3 T Magnetom Skyra system using a commercial 32-channel array head coil and tetrahedron-shaped foam pads to minimize head movement, prior to invasive electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings for precise diagnosis and epilepsy localization. High-resolution structural whole-brain images were acquired using a T1-weighted MPRAGE sequence with 0.5 × 0.5 × 1.2 mm3 resolution, TR = 2.3 s, TI = 0.9 s, TE = 1.96 ms, and FA = 9°, identical to the clinical sequence. Subjects were instructed to open their eyes while resting state (RS) FMRI data were acquired with a gradient echo-planar sequence sensitive to blood oxygenation level–dependent contrast with 3.2 × 3.2 × 3.3 mm3 resolution, 50 slices, TR = 2.9 s, TE = 30 ms, FA = 90°, and total acquisition time of 464 s (160 TRs).
8
Multimodal Neuroimaging Protocol: MEG and Eye-Tracking
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MEG was recorded using a 275‐channel axial gradiometer CTF MEG system (CTF MEG systems, Coquitlam, Canada). We used an online low‐pass filter at 300 Hz and digitized the data at 1200 Hz. All participants' eye gaze was recorded by an SR Research Eyelink 1,000 eye tracker for artifact rejection purposes. The head position of the participants was tracked in real time by recording markers on the nasion, and left and right periauricular points (Stolk, Todorovic, Schoffelen, & Oostenveld, 2013 ). This enabled us to readjust the head position of participants relative to their original starting position whenever the deviation was larger than 5 mm. After the experiment, T1‐weighted structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) were collected from 24 of 26 participants using a Siemens 3 T MAGNETOM Skyra system.
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