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170 protocols using balb c mice

1

Quantification of Lung Metastasis

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CLS1 cells were stably transduced with either a NS or Kdm3a shRNA and selected with 2 µg/ml puromycin for 5 days. Stably transduced CLS1 cells (2 × 105) were injected into the tail vein of 4–6 week old female BALB/c mice (Taconic Biosciences) (n = 4 mice per shRNA). Two weeks post injection the lungs were harvested, dissociated into single cell suspension, and plated onto tissue culture plates. Transduced CLS1 cells were selected for by treating the dissociated lung cells with 2 µg/ml puromycin. Surviving colonies were stained with crystal violet and quantified by counting. All experiments were performed in accordance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) guidelines.
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2

Oral Infection Model of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

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WT C57BL/6J (B6) and HH B6.129S6-Hfetm2Nca/J mice in the B6 background were procured from Jackson Laboratories. BALB/c mice and SW mice were obtained from Taconic and Charles Rivers, respectively. Mice were bred and/or housed in a specific pathogen-free facility at the Albany Medical College. Male and female mice 6- to 8-wk old were used in the present study. Animal studies were conducted following the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (59 ) and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Albany Medical College (ACUP# 20-01001). Iron-overloaded B6 mice or iron-reduced HH mice were generated as described in the SI Appendix. MLCK inhibition and depletion of IL-1β or neutrophils were performed as described in SI Appendix. Depletion of IL-1β or neutrophils was performed as described in the SI Appendix. Mice were deprived of food and water for 6 h and then administered 200 µL of PBS containing 5 × 108 CFU of the indicated Y. pseudotuberculosis by oral gavage with PBS as a control. The mobility and mortality of infected animals were monitored for 15 d. Bacterial burden in different tissues was determined as described in SI Appendix. All the results were confirmed from two independent experiments.
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3

BALB/c Mice Housing and Husbandry

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Six-week old female BALB/c mice were purchased from Taconic Biosciences (Cambridge City, IN, USA). All mice were housed in specific-pathogen free conditions at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Oncology Animal Facility in Koch Cancer Research Building II (Baltimore, MD). All animal procedures followed approved protocols from the Johns Hopkins Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and were in accordance with recommendations for proper use and care of laboratory animals.
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4

Intravenous Delivery of Cy3-siRNA Nanoparticles

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Example 5

All animal studies were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Caltech. NPs were formulated as described above, except 20% of the siRNA was substituted with a Cy3-fluorophore tagged siRNA. The NP formulation was injected intravenously via the mouse tail vein at a dose of 5 mg siRNA per kg mouse. The hind legs of Balb/c mice (Taconic and Jackson Labs) were shaved for blood collection from the saphenous vein in red top clot activator containing Sarstedt Microvette CB300 capillary tubes. Blood was collected at various time points starting at 2 min after NP injection, with up to six points per mouse. The tubes were centrifuged at 14,000×g for 15 min at 4° C. and the serum at the top of the tube used for analysis of Cy3 fluorescence, with excitation wavelength 530 nm and emission wavelength 570 nm, as compared to a standard curve of the NP formulation in mouse serum. The fraction of Cy3-siRNA remaining in serum was calculated using the serum volume based on mouse weight and the amount of formulation injected. Data points are from 3 mice per formulation.

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5

Murine Pneumocystis Infection Model

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BALB/c mice were originally obtained from Taconic Farms, Inc. Quality Laboratory Animals and Services for Research, New York, USA, and the breeding colony was later expanded at the CIB, Medellin, Colombia. The mice were divided into four groups: (A) non-infected or control (n = 50), (B) infected with 3 × 106Pb conidia (n = 50), (C) non-infected-PTX-treated mice (n = 30), and (D) Pb-infected-PTX-treated mice (n = 30).
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6

BALB/c Mice Housing and Handling

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Eight-week-old female BALB/c mice were obtained from Taconic Biosciences (Hudson, NY) and housed in the Coverdell Rodent Vivarium at the University of Georgia. Mice were kept in microisolator cages and handled under a laminar flow hood. All mouse experiments were in compliance with the University of Georgia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee under the approved animal use protocol # A2013 12-011-Y1-A0.
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7

Murine Models for Biomedical Research

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Animal studies were conducted at The Rockefeller University (OLAW number A3081-01), Johns Hopkins University (OLAW number A3272-01), and Molecular Diagnostic Services, Inc. (OLAW number A4202-01). Six- to 8-week old female C57BL/6 mice were purchased from NCI (Frederick, Maryland) or Taconic (Germantown, New York). Six- to 8-week old female BALB/c mice were purchased from Taconic. All mice were maintained under standard conditions by the facility conducting the study, and all animal studies were approved by the respective Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
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8

Subcutaneous 4T1 Breast Cancer Model

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4T1 murine breast cancer cells were obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA) and cultured according to the supplier’s instructions. When they reached ~80% confluence, the cells were harvested for tumor implantation. Six-to-eight-week-old female Balb/c mice (Taconic Biosciences, Rensselaer, NY) were each subcutaneously injected with 1.5 × 106 4T1 cells in the flank to generate subcutaneous 4T1 breast cancer model. In vivo experiments were performed when the tumor diameter reached 6–8 mm. All animal studies were conducted under a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.
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9

Exercise Modulates Tumor Growth and Metastasis

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Six- to eight-week-old female BALB/c mice were obtained from Taconic (Germantown, NY, USA). All experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Mice were subcutaneously (s. c.) inoculated with 4T1 cells (5 × 104) and assigned to treatment groups (n = 6/group): exercised and sedentary. Eight days after tumor inoculation, mice were exercised on a treadmill five days a week until the end of the experiment. For each session of running, the treadmill speed was set to 18 m/min for a total of 30min. Mice were exercised at the same time each day. Sedentary mice were kept in their home cages during exercise. All mice were provided food and water ad libitum. Perpendicular tumor diameters were measured with a Vernier caliper and tumor volumes were calculated as length×width2×0.52. Mice were sacrificed 30 days after tumor inoculation for immune phenotyping of the tumors and the spleens. Lungs were also harvested and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde before counting of metastases.
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10

Mouse Nasopharyngeal Colonization Assay

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Mouse colonization was performed as described in reference 25 (link). Briefly, dual or single-strain mixtures of Sp9-BS68 were inoculated into the nasopharynx of unanaesthetized 5- to 7-week-old female BALB/c mice (Taconic)with 1.0 × 106 to 3.0 × 106 CFU/mouse in 10 μl of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). For dual inoculated mice, the ratio of the kanamycin-resistant strain to the spectinomycin-resistant strain was between 0.25 and 0.6. Mice were euthanized with CO2 overdose after 72 h, and nasopharyngeal colonization was sampled by nasal wash. See methods in Text S1 for IACUC approval and details on how colonization density and competitive indices were calculated. Differences in colonization densities and competitive indices between groups were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney (2 groups) and Kruskal-Wallis (>2 groups) tests using the wilcox.test() and kruskal.test() functions in R 3.5.1.
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