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26 protocols using viewrna ish tissue assay kit

1

Histopathological Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Lungs

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For histopathology and in situ-hybridization (ISH), lungs were processed as described2 . Left lung lobes were immersion-fixed in 10% formalin, pH 7.0, for 48 h, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 2 µm sections. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and in situ-hybridizations were performed as described7 (link) using the ViewRNA™ ISH Tissue Assay Kit (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer’s instructions with minor adjustments. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was localized with probes detecting N gene sequences (NCBI database NC_045512.2, nucleotides 28,274–9533, assay ID: VPNKRHM). An irrelevant probe for detection of pneumolysin was used to control for sequence-specific binding4 . Amplifier and label probe hybridizations were performed following the manufacturer’s instructions using fast red as chromogen with hemalaun counterstain. Tissues were histopathologically evaluated by board-certified veterinary pathologists (KD, ADG) in a blinded fashion following standardized recommendations9 (link), including pneumonia-specific scoring parameters41 (link) as described for SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters2 .
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2

In situ Hybridization of Abl1 mRNA

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In situ hybridization was performed as described (Yoon et al., 2015) . Mice were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde in RNAase-free water. The tissue was embedded in paraffin. ISH kit was used from Invitrogen (ViewRNA ISH Tissue Assay Kit, #QVT0050). Abl1 probe (Cat.no. VB1-19168) was prepared from affymetrix. The coding regions of Abl1 (2194-3392 nt; GenBank: NM_009594). To quantify the expression of Abl1 mRNA, we have measured and created the thresholded images as modified from recent publications (Liu et al., 2019) .
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3

Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization Protocol

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Chromogenic in situ hybridisation was performed using the ViewRNA ISH Tissue Assay Kit and ViewRNA Chromogenic Signal Amplification Kit provided by Affymetrix as described in the online supplementary materials.
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4

Probing Cardiac Chaer lncRNA Expression

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The hearts of male C57/B6 mice were dissected, immersed immediately in fresh 10% neutral buffered formalin, fixed for 16 hours at room temperature, rinsed briefly, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Heart were cut into 6 μm transverse sections. The TYPE-1 ViewRNA probe against Chaer LncRNA was designed by Affymetrix and was detected by ViewRNA™ ISH Tissue Assay Kit (Affymetrix, QVT0012) according to manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, tissue sections were pretreated in 90-95 °C pretreatment solution for 10 minutes, followed by protease incubation at 40°C for 35 minutes. Hybridization was performed at 40°C for 2-4 hours. After the preamplifier, amplifier and label probe 1-AP hybridization steps, probes were visualized by fast red substrate at 40°C for 40 minutes. Immunofluorescence assays were performed subsequently to detect the cardiac myocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts by antibodies against Troponin T Type 2 (Tnnt2; Bioworld Technology, BS6013, 1:100), isolectin b4 (ib4; Enzo Life Sciences, ALX-650-001B-MC05, 1:100) and type I collagen (MD Biosciences, 203002, 1:200), respectively. Images were taken by Olympus FluoView™ FV1000 confocal laser scanning microscope Brochure.
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5

In Situ Hybridization for ZIKV and GS

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In situ hybridization was performed with the ViewRNA ISH tissue assay kit (Affymetrix, Cleveland, OH, USA), following the manufacturer's recommendations. Sections of 8-μm thickness were deparaffinized and digested with protease at 40°C for 15 minutes to unmask the RNA targets. Two sets of RNA probes, targeting either ZIKV polyprotein (VF1-19981-06) or GS (VB6-16850-06), were hybridized with the samples for 2 hours at 40°C. Alkaline phosphatase–conjugated detection probes and signal amplifiers were used in sequential reactions to develop signals from gene-specific probes. ZIKV polyprotein was visualized after chromogenic reaction with fast red substrate, which showed red color in bright-field and fluoresced in Cy3 channel. GS staining was visualized as blue in bright-field and fluorescent in the far red channel.
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6

In Situ Hybridization of Ins2 mRNA in Mouse Hypothalamus

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Brains from transcardially perfused mice were embedded in paraffin as described previously with some modifications (70 (link)). Serial brain sections (5 μm) were obtained from the paraffin-embedded brain blocks. The sections were then deparaffinized with xylene, boiled in pretreatment solution for 10 minutes, and digested with Protease QF (Affymetrix) for 10 minutes at 40°C. To determine localization of Ins2 mRNA in the hypothalamus, the ViewRNA ISH tissue assay kit (Affymetrix) was used as recommended by the manufacturer. The sections were hybridized with mouse antisense Ins2 (Affymetrix, VB1-10063) and sense Ins2 (Affymetrix, VB1-20038) Fast Red probes for 4 hours at 40°C. Slides were then incubated with Label Probe 1-AP Type 1 solution and Fast Red substrate. Coverslips were mounted on slides, and images were acquired using an ECLIPSE 90i light microscope (Nikon).
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7

Probing Cardiac Chaer lncRNA Expression

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The hearts of male C57/B6 mice were dissected, immersed immediately in fresh 10% neutral buffered formalin, fixed for 16 hours at room temperature, rinsed briefly, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Heart were cut into 6 μm transverse sections. The TYPE-1 ViewRNA probe against Chaer LncRNA was designed by Affymetrix and was detected by ViewRNA™ ISH Tissue Assay Kit (Affymetrix, QVT0012) according to manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, tissue sections were pretreated in 90-95 °C pretreatment solution for 10 minutes, followed by protease incubation at 40°C for 35 minutes. Hybridization was performed at 40°C for 2-4 hours. After the preamplifier, amplifier and label probe 1-AP hybridization steps, probes were visualized by fast red substrate at 40°C for 40 minutes. Immunofluorescence assays were performed subsequently to detect the cardiac myocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts by antibodies against Troponin T Type 2 (Tnnt2; Bioworld Technology, BS6013, 1:100), isolectin b4 (ib4; Enzo Life Sciences, ALX-650-001B-MC05, 1:100) and type I collagen (MD Biosciences, 203002, 1:200), respectively. Images were taken by Olympus FluoView™ FV1000 confocal laser scanning microscope Brochure.
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8

Quantitative Analysis of Spred2 Expression

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A total of 85 samples were randomly selected from 275 samples (Table 1). Paraffin-embedded tissue samples were sectioned at 5-μm-thick, kept on glass slides overnight at 45°C and then in situ hybridization was performed using the Affymetrix ViewRNA ISH Tissue Assay kit (QVT0050) and ViewRNA Chromogenic Signal Amplification kit (QVT0200) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, MA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Human Spred2 probe set was purchased from Thermo Fisher (Affymetrix, Catalog No. VA1-17417-01). Spred2 mRNA expression was stained in red-dot. The total number of red-dot in 100 cells was counted in each sample under microscope by two blinded pathologists, and the number of red-dot per cell was calculated.
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9

Embryonic Expression Profiling via FISH

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E14.5 male embryos were obtained from dams treated with poly(I:C) at
E12.5. The heads were frozen on dry ice and embedded in Tissue Tek O.C.T.
(Sakura Finetek, Torrance, CA). The blocks were sectioned at 16μm
thickness using a cryostat (Leica, USA). Fluorescent in situ hybridization was
performed using an amplification technology according to the
manufacturer’s protocol (ViewRNA ISH Tissue Assay kit, Thermo Fisher
Scientific, USA). Briefly, the sections were fixed in 4% PFA at
4°C for 16–18 hr and dehydrated by sequentially soaking the
slides in 50%, 70%, and 100% ethanol.
il17ra (NM_008359, Cat#: VB1-10258),
ank3 (NM_170728, Cat#: VB6-17256), and
pax6 (NM_013627, Cat#: VB6-11573) probes were
applied to the sections and incubated for 3 h at 40°C.
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10

SERPINB5 and KRT19 Expression Analysis in FFPE Tissue

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Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was sectioned (4μm) and analyzed for SERPINB5 and Cytokeratin-19 (KRT19) expression using ViewRNA™ ISH Tissue Assay Kit (ThermoFisher), with probes against SERPINB5 (VA1–12247-VT) and cytokeratin-19 (VA6–10947-VT) (ThermoFisher), according to manufacturer’s protocol. In short: tissue was deparaffinized in Xylene and 100% ethanol. The sections were pretreated for 10min at 90–95°C, followed by protease digestion for 10min at 40°C and then fixed in 10% normal buffered formalin followed by hybridization with the target probes against SERPINB5 and KRT19 for 2h in 40°C. The sections were stored overnight in storage buffer before proceeding with signal amplification and detection. The sections were preamplified for 25min at 40°C followed by amplifier hybridization for 15min at 40°C. Followed by incubation with label probes at 40°C for 15min and addition of substrate. FastRed label probe and substrate incubation was performed first. Sections were then counterstained in Gil’s hematoxylin, dipped in 0.01% ammonium hydroxide followed by DAPI staining (1μg/ml for 10min). Slides were mounted with Prolong gold antifade mountant with DAPI (Thermofisher). The confocal images were taken on a Zeiss LSM 710 microscope and the IHC images were scanned on the 3DHISTECH Pannoramic 250 flash III.
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