The LMC strain was maintained in the Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) (Sigma-Aldrich) with 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Sigma-Aldrich), supplemented with 50 μg/ml gentamicin (Sigma-Aldrich), 100 U/ml penicillin G potassium salt (Sigma-Aldrich), and 100 μg/ml streptomycin sulfate salt (Sigma-Aldrich). In addition, Live L. major parasite (for a challenge infection) was taken from the Razi vaccine and Serum Institute (Karaj-Iran), in RPMI 1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich) with 10% FBS (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 100 U/ml penicillin G potassium salt (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 μg/ml gentamicin (Sigma-Aldrich), and 100 μg/ml streptomycin sulfate salt (Sigma-Aldrich) [3, 42, 44] .
Penicillin g potassium salt
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Penicillin G potassium salt is a chemical compound used as a raw material for the production of various penicillin-based pharmaceutical products. It serves as a key ingredient in the manufacturing process, providing the necessary chemical structure and properties required for the development of these medicinal formulations.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Gentamicin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Streptomycin sulfate salt, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by MP Biomedicals (2 mentions)
L ascorbic acid phosphate magnesium salt n hydrate, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
δ12 pgj2, by Cayman Chemical (2 mentions)
Streptomycin sulfate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dexamethasone (dex), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fatty acid free bovine serum albumin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rpmi 1640 medium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ampicillin sodium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ceftriaxone sodium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quantibrite beads, by BD (1 mentions)
Rituximab rtx, by Genentech (1 mentions)
Sodium pyruvate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rpmi 1640, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dihydroethidium dhe, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Bradford reagent, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
10 protocols using penicillin g potassium salt
1
Culture and Maintenance of L. major Parasite
2
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Protocol
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Antibiotic powders were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (St. Louis, MO): ampicillin sodium (product number: A0166), penicillin G potassium salt (product number: 46609), and ceftriaxone sodium (product number: PHR1382). Experiments were performed using cation adjusted (calcium, 25 μg/mL; magnesium, 12.5 μg/mL) Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB; BD Difco, Sparks, MD). All viable cell count samples and subcultures were plated on brain heart infusion agar (BHIA; BD Difco, Sparks, MD) (15 (link), 28 (link), 29 (link)).
3
Cell Viability and Oxidative Stress Assays
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RPMI-1640, Penicillin G potassium salt, streptomycin, N-2-Hydroxyethyl piperazine N-2-Ethane sulphonic acid sodium (HEPES sodium), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sodium pyruvate, Bradford reagent, Protease and Phosphatase inhibitor Cocktail were obtained from Sigma Aldrich Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), 5-(and 6)-chloromethyl-2′7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA), 3, 3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6) (3), Propidium Iodide (PI) and dihydroethidium (DHE) were obtained from was obtained from Invitrogen (USA). Anti-CD20 chimeric antibodies, such as rituximab (Rtx) were obtained from Genentech (Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA), and tositumomab (Tst) from Corixa (Corixa Corporation Seattle, WA). QuantiBRITE beads and anti-CD20-PEwas obtained from BD bioscience (USA). Human IgG1 (HuIgG1) and Mouse IgG2a (MoIgG2a) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemical used were of AR grade and obtained from local manufacturers from SRL and Himedia India. Cell culture and biochemical purpose related plastic wares were obtained from BD bioscience (USA), Corning (USA) and Tarsons, INDIA.
4
Culturing Leishmania major Promastigotes
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Leishmania major LV 561 (MHOM/IL/67/LRC-L137 JERICHO II) were stored in the overlay with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide in liquid nitrogen as subculture 0. Parasites were recovered and routinely cultured for 7 days at 23°C in saline-neopeptone-blood 9 (SNB-9) medium [23 (link)]. Solid phase and overlay for SNB-9 were prepared from Bacto™ Agar (cat. number 214010, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ), Bacto Neopeptone (cat. number 211681, Becton, Dickinson and Company), NaCl, and defibrinated rabbit blood (Bioveta, a. s., Ivanovice na Hané, Czech Republic). The overlay was supplemented with 50 μg/ml gentamicin (cat. number G1272, Sigma, St. Louis, MO). For promastigote growth inhibition assay, subcultures #2 of L. major were cultivated in Schneider's Insect Medium (cat. number S0146, Sigma) supplemented with 50 μg/ml gentamicin (cat. number G1272, Sigma), 63.7 μg/ml penicillin G potassium salt (cat. number PENK, Sigma), 100 μg/ml streptomycin sulfate salt (cat. number S6501, Sigma), 2% human urine, and 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (cat. number F2442, Sigma).
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Leishmania major LV 561 (MHOM/IL/67/LRC-L137 JERICHO II) were stored in the overlay with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide in liquid nitrogen as subculture 0. Parasites were recovered and routinely cultured for 7 days at 23°C in saline-neopeptone-blood 9 (SNB-9) medium [23 (link)]. Solid phase and overlay for SNB-9 were prepared from Bacto™ Agar (cat. number 214010, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ), Bacto Neopeptone (cat. number 211681, Becton, Dickinson and Company), NaCl, and defibrinated rabbit blood (Bioveta, a. s., Ivanovice na Hané, Czech Republic). The overlay was supplemented with 50 μg/ml gentamicin (cat. number G1272, Sigma, St. Louis, MO). For promastigote growth inhibition assay, subcultures #2 of L. major were cultivated in Schneider's Insect Medium (cat. number S0146, Sigma) supplemented with 50 μg/ml gentamicin (cat. number G1272, Sigma), 63.7 μg/ml penicillin G potassium salt (cat. number PENK, Sigma), 100 μg/ml streptomycin sulfate salt (cat. number S6501, Sigma), 2% human urine, and 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (cat. number F2442, Sigma).
5
Adipogenesis Induction and Analysis
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Dex (Cat: D-4902), recombinant human Ins (Cat: 093-06351), fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (Cat: 011-07493), streptomycin sulfate (Cat: S6501), penicillin G potassium salt (Cat: PENK-10MU), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM-HEPES) (Cat: D1152-10L), and Oil red O (Cat: 00625-25G) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) supplied IBMX (Cat: 095-03413) and L-ascorbic acid phosphate magnesium salt n-hydrate (Cat: 013-12061). MP Biomedicals (Solon, OH, USA) supplied the fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Cat: 2910154). Arachidonic acid (AA) (Cat: 506-32-1), Δ12-PGJ2 (Cat: 87893-54-7), H89 (Cat: 130964-39-5), PA (Cat: 57-10-3), SA (Cat: 57-11-4), OA (Cat: 112-80-1), ALA (Cat: 463-40-1), EPA (Cat: 10417-94-4), and forskolin (Cat: 66575-29-9) were acquired from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Dibutyryl-cAMP (Cat: 16980-89-5) was sourced from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). M-MLV reverse transcriptase without ribonuclease H activity (Cat: M3682) was supplied by Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Sigma Genosys Japan (Ishikari, Japan) provided oligonucleotides for the real-time quantitative (RT-q) PCR amplification.
6
Adipocyte Differentiation Assay Protocol
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Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium containing 25 mM HEPES (DMEM-HEPES), penicillin G potassium salt, streptomycin sulfate, dexamethasone, fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin, and recombinant human insulin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). L-Ascorbic acid phosphate magnesium salt n-hydrate, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) were from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Solon, OH, USA). AA, LA, PGE2, PGF2α, Δ12-PGJ2, and 6-keto-PGF1α were from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). We purchased M-MLV reverse transcriptase (point mutation without Ribonuclease H activity) from Promega (Madison, WI, USA). Oligonucleotides for real-time quantitative (RT-q) PCR amplification were provided by Sigma Genosys Japan (Ishikari, Japan).
7
Isolation and Identification of M. ovipneumoniae
8
Hemopressin Modulation of Penicillin-Induced Effects
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Hemopressin, urethane and Penicillin G potassium salt were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, USA. All drugs dissolved in in physiological saline.
Hemopressin (PVNFKFLSH;Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.) were used in the experiments. Hemopressin and Penicillin G potassium salt was dissolved in physiological saline and administered intracortically in a volume of 2.5 μl. Intracerebroventricular injections were administered into the left lateral ventricle of each rat through a stereotaxic apparatus with coordinates of 1.5 mm lateral and 1.1 mm rostral to bregma. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of the drug was applied to this hole through a Hamilton microinjector at a depth of 4.2 mm from the skull bone system (33) . In the fi rst set of experiments, hemopressin, was administered 30 min after penicillin (i.c.) application at doses of 0.025, 0.075, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 μg (i.c.v.).
Hemopressin (PVNFKFLSH;Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.) were used in the experiments. Hemopressin and Penicillin G potassium salt was dissolved in physiological saline and administered intracortically in a volume of 2.5 μl. Intracerebroventricular injections were administered into the left lateral ventricle of each rat through a stereotaxic apparatus with coordinates of 1.5 mm lateral and 1.1 mm rostral to bregma. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of the drug was applied to this hole through a Hamilton microinjector at a depth of 4.2 mm from the skull bone system (33) . In the fi rst set of experiments, hemopressin, was administered 30 min after penicillin (i.c.) application at doses of 0.025, 0.075, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 μg (i.c.v.).
9
Splenocyte Isolation and Restimulation
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Splenocytes were prepared as described previously [39 (link)–41 (link)]. Briefly, immediately following sacrifice of the mice by cervical dislocation, spleens from BALB/c female mice were excised, teased apart in RPMI 1640 medium (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), and centrifuged. The single-cell suspension obtained was treated with ACK lysis buffer to lyse the red blood cells. After centrifugation, splenocytes were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS; Biowest, Nuaillé, France), 100 μg/mL of streptomycin sulphate salt (Sigma-Aldrich), and 100 U/mL of penicillin G potassium salt (Sigma-Aldrich). The cells were cultured at a density of 2 × 106 cells/well in a media volume of 0.5 mL in 48-well flat-bottom plates (IWAKI, Tokyo, Japan) and re-stimulated with OVA for the indicated time at 37°C in 5% CO2.
10
Antimicrobial Agent Characterization
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Amoxicillin (99.6%), Ampicillin (99.8%) and Sulfamethoxazol (99.7%) were from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany), Penicillin G potassium salt (99.3%), Cloxacillin (98.5%), Oxacillin (99.2%), Cefalexin (96.6%), Ceftiofur (98.01%), Cephapirin (98.5%), Enrofloxacin (99.74%), Ciprofloxacin (98.0%), Tylosin (87.9%), Trimethoprim (99.5%), Lincomycin (100.3%), Doxycyclin (97.0%), Oxytetracyclin (96.5%), Tetracyclin (96.8%), Chlorotetracyclin (93.3%), Sulfachloropyridazin (99.1%), Sulfadiazin (99.8%), Sulfadimetoxin (99.7%), Sulfadimidin (99.6%) and Sulfafurazol (99.3%) were supplied by Fluka-Vetranal (Steinheim, Germany).
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