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7 protocols using rs 3 5 dhpg

1

Optogenetic Modulation of Synaptic Signaling

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AAV-shShank3/scrShank3 (AAV5, AAV1; 7.4 × 1013 GC/mL; VectorBioLab); AAV-CAG-DIO-tdTomato (AAV9, gift from Prof. Anthony Holtmaat), rAAV5-Ef1a-DIO-hChR2(H134R)-eYFP (5 × 1012 virus molecules/mL UNC), Ro 677476 (4346, Tocris), D-APV (0106, Tocris), Picrotoxin (1128, Tocris), NBQX (0373, Tocris), (R,S)-3,5-DHPG (0342, Tocris), Ifenprodil hemitartrate (0545, Tocris).
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2

Preparation of Neuropharmacological Compounds

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Drugs were prepared in a stock solution of water or DMSO and diluted to their final concentration in ACSF. The final concentration of DMSO was <0.1%. β-Cyclodextrin (final concentration <0.001%; TCI America) was used as a carrier for AM251 delivery. (−)-Quinpirole hydrochloride, (RS)-3,5-DHPG, DHβE, VU 0255035, NPEC-caged dopamine, and AM251 were purchased from Tocris Bioscience. (±)-Sulpiride and picrotoxin were purchased from Sigma.
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3

Pharmacological Agents for Neuroscience Research

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(RS)-3,5-DHPG, LY367385, MPEP, APV, picrotoxin, ryanodine, riluzole were purchased from Tocris Bioscience. Choline chloride was from Junsei Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). 8-NH2-cADPR was from Molecular Probes. All other drugs were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Stock solutions of drugs were made by dissolving in deionized water or DMSO according to manufacturer’s specifications and were stored at − 20 °C. On the day of the experiments, one aliquot was thawed and used. The concentration of DMSO in solutions was maintained at 0.1%.
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4

Radioligand Binding and Western Blotting

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[2,3-3H]D-aspartate (specific activity 11.3 Ci/mmol) and [3H]GABA (specific activity 30.0 Ci/mmol) were from Perkin Elmer (Boston, MA, United States). (±)-baclofen, LY367385, (RS)-3,5 DHPG, and CGP 52432 were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, United Kingdom). GF109203X, aminooxyacetic acid, naphtol blue black staining, horseradish peroxidase-coupled anti-mouse and anti-rabbit secondary antibodies were from Sigma (Milan, Italy). Donkey anti-mouse AlexaFluor-647, goat anti-guinea pig AlexaFluor-488, goat anti-rabbit AlexaFluor-555 were from Life Technologies Corporation (Carlsbad, CA, United States). Mouse anti-GABAB1 and mouse anti-GABAB2 antibodies were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, United States). Rabbit anti-mGlu1 antibody, used in confocal analysis, was from Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom) and mouse anti-mGlu1 monoclonal antibody, used in Western blotting, was from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, United States). Guinea pig anti-vesicular glutamate transporters type 1 antibody was from Millipore (Temecula, CA, United States). Guinea pig anti-VGAT was from AlomoneLabs (Jerusalem, Israel). Bradford assay was from Bio-Rad (Segrate, Milan, Italy). KAPA Mouse Genotyping Kits were from Kapa Biosystems (Woburn, MA, United States). ECL AdvanceTM was from Amersham Biosciences (Piscataway, NJ, United States).
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5

Investigating Synaptic Protein Regulation

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(RS)-3,5-DHPG and dynasore were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). AP5 (D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate), MPEP, cholesterol, and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Mβ-CD) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). We used the following antibodies: anti-FMRP (MAB2160; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), anti-Cav1 (ab2910, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-GluA1 (ab31232; Abcam), anti-GluA2 (ab20673; Abcam), anti-pan-cadherin (C1821; Sigma), anti-ERK1/2 (sc514302; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-pERK1/2 (sc81492; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-mTOR (sc517464; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-pmTOR (sc293133; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and anti-β-actin (A5316; Sigma).
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6

Optogenetic Modulation of Synaptic Signaling

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AAV-shShank3/scrShank3 (AAV5, AAV1; 7.4 × 1013 GC/mL; VectorBioLab); AAV-CAG-DIO-tdTomato (AAV9, gift from Prof. Anthony Holtmaat), rAAV5-Ef1a-DIO-hChR2(H134R)-eYFP (5 × 1012 virus molecules/mL UNC), Ro 677476 (4346, Tocris), D-APV (0106, Tocris), Picrotoxin (1128, Tocris), NBQX (0373, Tocris), (R,S)-3,5-DHPG (0342, Tocris), Ifenprodil hemitartrate (0545, Tocris).
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7

Reagents for Neurotransmission Studies

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Picrotoxin and MK-801 were from Abcam. Sulpiride, JNJ16259685, Clozapine N-oxide, Bafilomycin A1, (RS)-3,5-DHPG and Substance P were obtained from Tocris Bioscience. K-methylsulfate was obtained from Acros Organic. All the other chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich.
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