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5 protocols using ab7463

1

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Hydrogels and Decellularized Tissues

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Hydrogels and decellularized tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 1 hr at room temperature, dehydrated, paraffin embedded and cut into 5μm sections. For immunostaining, sections were deparrafinized, rehydrated and subjected to heat mediated antigen retrieval in pH 9.0 Tris-EDTA buffer containing 0.05% v/v Tween 20 for 20 mins using a steam cooker. The following antibodies were used: rabbit polyclonal anti-ki67 (3.5μg/ml; Abcam; ab15580) and rabbit monoclonal (EP1601Y) anti-cytokeratin 5 (1.22μg/ml; Abcam; ab52635), and polyclonal goat anti-rabbit alexafluor 488 conjugated secondary (1μg/ml; ThermoFisher; A32731. Sections were all counterstained with DAPI. All images were taken on a Zeiss Axio Observer Z1 microscope and analyzed using the Zeiss Zen software. Cell counts were performed manually and fluorescence intensity was measured using the Zen software on a minimum of 6 random locations per field of view across a minimum of 4 sections of 3 separate samples. For Laminin 111/112 measurements, hydrogels were formed in a chamber slide, and stained with a rabbit polyclonal anti laminin 111/112 antibody (10μm/ml; Abcam; ab7463) and a goat alexafluor 488 conjugated secondary as described above. Fluorescence intensity was performed as described above across 3 independent samples.
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Immunofluorescence Staining of Tissue Sections

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Gels were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, paraffin-embedded, and sectioned. Sections were prepared for staining by deparaffinizing in a xylene substitute, rehydration, and heat-mediated antigen retrieval using pH 9 tris-EDTA with 0.05% tween 20. Sections were blocked in 10% goat serum and incubated with primary antibodies in a humidified chamber at 4 °C overnight. Secondary antibodies were added for 1 h at room temperature. Sections were counterstained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Antibodies were used at the following concentrations: anti-green fluorescent protein (anti-GFP) rabbit IgG Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated (1:75; Invitrogen A21311, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), rabbit polyclonal antibody to GJB1 [Cx32] (1:25; HPA010663, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), biotinylated rabbit polyclonal antibody to red fluorescent protein (RFP) (1:500; Abcam, Cambridge, UK, ab34771), rabbit anti-laminin 1 + 2 (1:100; Abcam, ab7463), and mouse anti-laminin 5 antibody (1:100; Abcam, ab78286), Alexa Fluor 488 and 568 conjugated goat secondary antibodies (1:1000; Thermo Fisher Scientific) or avidin Alexa Fluor 488 (Thermo Fisher Scientific A21370). All sections were counterstained with DAPI and imaged by using a Zeiss axio-observer Z1 fluorescent microscope.
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Immunofluorescent Staining of Tumor Sections

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The deparaffinization, rehydration, and antigen retrieval of tumor sections were as described in IHC. Slides were washed with PBS before incubation with the first primary antibody, rabbit monoclonal anti‐CD34 (1:1000; ab198395, Abcam), at 4°C overnight. After being washed in PBS, the sections were incubated with mouse monoclonal anti‐GFAP (1:1000; ab10062">http://ab10062, Abcam) or anti‐laminin antibodies (1:1000; ab7463">http://ab7463, Abcam). Next, slides were washed with PBS and incubated with Alexa Fluor® 488‐conjugated goat anti‐rabbit IgG (1:1000; O‐11038; Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and Alexa Fluor® 594‐conjugated goat anti‐mouse IgG (1:1000; AK‐A11005; Life Technologies) for 40 min at room temperature. Nuclear staining was performed with 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI; D3571; Life Technologies), and the slides were then mounted with Slow Fade Gold antifade reagent (S36938, Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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Ascorbic acid-induced extracellular matrix proteins

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Mouse embryonic fibroblasts were cultured in DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum, 2 mM L-glutamine, 0.2 mM penicillin/streptomycin at 37°C in 5% CO2. At confluence, cells were serum-deprived and treated with 50 μg.mL−1 of ascorbic acid for 16 hours. Proteins were separated on 4–15% gradient SDS-PAGE gels (Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Hercules, CA). Membranes were blocked 16 hours in Tris Buffered Saline/0.1% Tween-20 (TBS-T) with 5% non-fat milk, then incubated 16 hours with primary antibodies: rat COL4A1 (1:200, H11 clone, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Japan26 (link)), tubulin (1:10000, T6557, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO), laminin (1+2) (1:2000, ab7463, Abcam, Cambridge, UK). After 3 washes in TBS-T, membranes were incubated 1 hour with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:10000, Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA). After 3 washes, SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescent substrate (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) was used according to manufacturer’s instructions.
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5

Scaffold Characterization: DNA and ECM

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Before and after freeze-drying, GelMA/ECM scaffolds were washed with PBS, incubated with DAPI at 37 °C for 20 min, and photographed with a fluorescence microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Partial scaffolds were added to the lysate, and the steps of the kit were followed for DNA extraction (Tiangen, China). The concentration of DNA was detected by a Nanodrop 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA).
Before and after freeze-drying, GelMA/ECM scaffolds were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) (Solarbio, China) and then incubated with anti-laminin antibody (ab7463, Abcam, USA) or anti-collagenIantibody (ab260043, Abcam, USA) overnight at 4 °C. After removal of excess antibodies, the samples were incubated with secondary antibodies (ab150079, ab150077, Abcam, USA) at 37 °C for 2 h. A fluorescence microscope was used to collect the images.
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