The chemical standards caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, trans-caftaric acid, trans-piceid, (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (−)-gallocatechin (GC), and procyanidin B1 (PB1) (Phytolab, Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany); cyanidin-3-glucoside (cy-3-glc), procyanidin B2 (PB2), quercetin (Q), kaempferol (K), isorhamnetin (I), the 3-glucosides of Q, K, I and 3-galactosides of Q, K, and I (−)-catechin 3-gallate (CG), (−)-epicatechin 3-gallate (ECG), and (−)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) (Extrasynthese, Genay, France); gallic acid, trans-resveratrol, (+)-catechin (C), (−)-epicatechin (EC), and (−)-gallocatechin 3-gallate (GCG) (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) were used. The non-commercial flavonol standard of quercetin 3-glucuronide (Q-3-glcU) was previously isolated from the skin of Petit Verdot grapes, and the Procyanidin B4 (PB4) was kindly supplied by the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain. The trans- isomers of resveratrol and its 3-glucosides (piceid) were obtained according to the methodology previously described [36 (link)]. All solvents used were chromatographic grade (>99%); the chemical standard was analytical grade (>95%) and ultrapure water (Milli-Q system) was used.
Procyanidin b1
Manufactured by Phytolab
Sourced in Germany
Procyanidin B1 is a naturally occurring compound found in various plant species. It is a type of flavonoid, specifically a proanthocyanidin. Procyanidin B1 plays a role in the biological processes within plants, but its core function does not require further interpretation or extrapolation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Procyanidin c1, by Phytolab (4 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Procyanidin b2, by Phytolab (3 mentions)
Catechin, by Phytolab (3 mentions)
Quercetin 3 glucoside, by Extrasynthese (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Epigallocatechin, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Epicatechin 3 gallate, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
Epigallocatechin 3 gallate, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
Gallocatechin 3 gallate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trans resveratrol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallocatechin, by Phytolab (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Chempur (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Chempur (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Chempur (1 mentions)
Cinchonine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
7 protocols using procyanidin b1
1
Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds
2
Enzymatic Digestion Protocol for Phytochemical Analysis
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Intestinal Acetone powder from a rat source of α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), α-amylase from porcine pancreas type VI-B (EC 3.2.1.1), pancreatin from porcine pancreas, pepsin from the gastric mucosa of pigs, bile from bovine and ovine, TRIS-HCl, acarbose, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, cinchonine, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, kaempferol 3-glucoside, naringin, sodium chloride, maltose, formic acid, methanol, and acetonitrile were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, iodine, potassium iodide, disodium phosphate, and monosodium phosphate were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Potato starch and calcium chloride were purchased from POCH (Gliwice, Poland) and glucose test from Biomaxima SA (Lublin, Poland). Quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside, quercetin 3-rhamnoside, and isorhamnetin 3-glucoside were obtained from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Procyanidin C1, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were purchased from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Kaempferol was purchased from ICN Biomedicals (Costa Mesa, CA, USA). Ultrapurity water was prepared in the laboratory using a Simplicity Water Purification System (Millipore, Marlborough, MA, USA).
3
Analytical Standards for Polyphenol Analysis
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Formic acid (LC-MS grade) was obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) and methanol (LC-MS grade) were purchased from VWR International Srl (Milan, Italy). Liquid nitrogen was purchased from Rivoira (Milan, Italy). Sodium fluoride, phosphoric acid, glacial acetic acid, TPTZ, ABTS, iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, Trolox, potassium chloride, (+)-catechin, sodium carbonate, F-C reagent, quercetin-3-xyloside, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, naringenin-7-glucoside, and phloridzin were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Quercetin-3-rutinoside and potassium peroxydisulfate were purchased from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Quercetin-3-glucoside, neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, cyanidin-3-galactoside chloride, and malvidin-3-glucoside chloride were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France).
(−)-Epicatechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, chlorogenic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride, cyanidin-3-arabinoside chloride, phloretin, quercetin-3-arabinoside, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-4’-glucoside, and quercetin-3-rhamnoside were purchased from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Sodium acetate anhydrous was purchased from CHEMSOLUTE® (Renningen, Germany). Hydrochloric acid from Fisher Chemical (Pittsburgh, UK). Deionized water was from MilliQ apparatus (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA).
(−)-Epicatechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, chlorogenic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride, cyanidin-3-arabinoside chloride, phloretin, quercetin-3-arabinoside, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-4’-glucoside, and quercetin-3-rhamnoside were purchased from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Sodium acetate anhydrous was purchased from CHEMSOLUTE® (Renningen, Germany). Hydrochloric acid from Fisher Chemical (Pittsburgh, UK). Deionized water was from MilliQ apparatus (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA).
4
Bioactive Compounds Sourcing and Analysis
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Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, gallic acid, fraxetin, oleuropein, verbascoside, catechin, luteolin 3,7 glucoside, procyanidin B1, quercitin 3-O-glucoside, and elenoic acid were obtained from PhytoLab GmbH & Co. (Vestenbergsgreuth Germany). fraxetin was from Sigma Chemical Co (St Louis, MO). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was from Hyclone Perbio Sciences (Helsingborg, Skane Lan, Sweden). Human interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kits II were from BD Biosciences Pharmingen (San Jose, CA, USA). HPLC-grade solvents and all other reagents and chemicals were from Sigma Chemical Co (St. Louis, MO, USA).
5
Characterization of Polyphenolic Compounds
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(+)-Catechin (CAS: 154-23-4), Procyanidin B1 (CAS: 20315-25-7), Procyanidin B2 (CAS: 29106-49-8), Procyanidin A2 (CAS: 41743-41-3), and Procyanidin C1 (CAS: 37064-30-5), with purity ≥ 98%, were purchased from PhytoLab GmbH and Co. KG (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). (−)-Epicatechin (≥98%) (CAS: 17334-50-8), Gallic acid (≥98%) (CAS: 149-91-7), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (≥99.9%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (≥99.9%), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) (≥99.9%), Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), Sodium nitrite (NaNO2), Aluminum chloride hexahydrate ((AlCl3)6H2O), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), HPLC-grade methanol (≥99.9%), and acetonitrile (≥99.9%) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Formic acid (98–100%) (CAS: 64-18-6) were supplied from Romil Ltd. (Cambridge, UK). Water was obtained by a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).
6
Physicochemical Profiling of Algerian Date Powder
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The HPLC-grade water was obtained from a LC-Pak™ Millex system (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA). Formic acid, MS grade methanol, citric acid, galacturonic acid, malic acid, glucose, sucrose, gallic acid, and caffeine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Quinic acid, catechin, procyanidin B 1 , procyanidin C 1 , kaempferol glucoside, kaempferol, rutin, and quercetin rhamnoside were obtained from PhytoLab, Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany. The ''Degla-Beida'' dates used in this study present a dry nature and a hard texture, that are found in the palm groves of South-East Algeria. The choice of this variety is justified by its relative abundance on the national territory, its low market value, its long shelf life due to its dry nature, its taste and nutritional quality (energy source represented by its high sugar content) (Djaoud et al., 2020) . The dates were washed with tap water followed by distillated water, pitted and deposited in a drying oven at 40°C until up to a constant weight. Then, the dried samples were ground into a fine powder, which was passed through a standard sieve (125 µm diameter) and only the fraction with the particle size≤125 µm was used. Finally, the powder was stored in the darkness (Djaoud et al., 2019) .
7
Procyanidin Standards Preparation
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Procyanidin B1, B2, B3 and C1 standards (catalog numbers 89764, 89,552, 84,047 and 89,537, respectively) were purchased from PhytoLab (Germany). Stock solutions were prepared by dissolving procyanidins in 50% methanol to a final concentration of 10 mM and stored at –80 °C. The NKA inhibitor ouabain was purchased from Merck (Germany). All solutions were prepared using Milli-Q water with a resistivity above 18.2 MΩ·cm (25 °C).
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