Sylgard 184 silicon elastomer kit

Manufactured by Dow

Sourced in United States

Sylgard 184 Silicon Elastomer Kit is a two-part silicone elastomer system designed for a variety of applications. It consists of a base and a curing agent that, when mixed, form a flexible, durable silicone material. The kit provides the necessary components to create custom silicone parts or coatings.

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16 protocols using sylgard 184 silicon elastomer kit

Microfluidic Chip Fabrication Protocol

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The microfluidic chip was designed using software (AutoCAD, Autodesk Inc.), SU-8 ‘master’ mould was fabricated using SU-8-based photolithographic lithographic technique explained in more detailed by Magness et al.^{67 (link)}. Superstructure of the microfluidic chip was created by mixing 10:1 ratio of pre-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer (VWR, UK) with curing agent (Sylgard 184 Silicon Elastomer Kit, Dow Corning), poured over ‘master’ wafer mould, degassed for 20 min and cured at room temperature for 48 hr. Once cured the PDMS chip were cut and peeled from the mould, the inlets and outlets were biopsy punched and drilled through the PDMS chip. To assemble the microfluidic chip device, the PDMS chip was oxygen plasma treated for 1 min and immediately assembled to the functionalised microarrayed coverslip. Analysis chambers of the PDMS chip were aligned to the microarrayed spots on the coverslip by translation with the aid of a custom-built 6-axis alignment rig.

Ho V., Baker J.R., Willison K.R., Barnes P.J., Donnelly L.E, & Klug D.R. (2023). Single cell quantification of microRNA from small numbers of non-invasively sampled primary human cells. Communications Biology, 6, 458.

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LAMP Reagents and PDMS Film Preparation

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All LAMP reagents were purchased
from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA), and the primers were from
Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA) unless otherwise mentioned.
Calcein and MnCl₂ were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St.
Louis, MO). Culture media were obtained from ThermoFisher Scientific
(San Jose, CA). Track-etched polycarbonate membranes were purchased
from Sterlitech Corporation (Kent, WA) and GVS Filter Technology (USA).
Sylgard 184 silicon elastomer kit consisting of a prepolymer base
and a curing agent was obtained from Dow Corning (Midland, MI). The
PDMS films were prepared by mixing their precursor and curing agent
at a ratio of 10:1 and cured at 75 °C for 1.5 h.^{28 (link)}

Lin X., Huang X., Urmann K., Xie X, & Hoffmann M.R. (2019). Digital Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification on a Commercial Membrane. ACS Sensors, 4(1), 242-249.

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Microfluidic Device Fabrication by Soft Lithography

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Microfluidic devices were fabricated by conventional soft lithography techniques. Patterned silicon mold of 50 μm in height and channel width was prepared from SU-8 2150 (MicroChem, Newton, MA) according to the published protocols.^{26 (link), 28 (link)} PDMS prepolymer and curing agent (Sylgard 184 Silicon Elastomer Kit, Dow Corning, Midland, MI) were mixed at 10:1.05 mass ratio before poured on top of the silicon mold to cure at 80⁰C for 1 hour. This ratio was chosen based on our experience that the PDMS produced would have optimal stiffness for easy handling. A cover slide was bonded with the device after holes at inlets and outlets were punched and oxygen plasma treatment for 40 s at 20 W (Plasma Asher, Quorum Technologies, West Sussex, and RH). To create a hydrophilic surface along the channels, the devices were coated following a two-step sol-gel coating procedure.^{26 (link)}

Chan H.F., Ma S., Tian J, & Leong K.W. (2017). High-throughput screening of microchip-synthesized genes in programmable double-emulsion droplets. Nanoscale, 9(10), 3485-3495.

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Fabrication of PDMS Microfluidic Chips

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The mould was fabricated on an aluminium substrate using a computer numerical control machine (MECANUMERIC, Charlyrobot DMC300, Marssac-sur-Tarn, France) to obtain 400 µm of height. A 2 µm layer of Parylene type C was deposited [41 (link)] using an evaporator (SCS LABCOTER, Indianapolis, PDS 2010, USA) to suppress milling surface defects and to favour polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (SYLGARD®, 184 Silicon Elastomer Kit, Dow Corning, Midland, USA) pilling. PDMS was fabricated using a standard process with a 10 : 1 elastomer base-curing agent ratio (w/w). The mixture was degassed and poured onto the mould up to approximately 5 mm thickness. The sample was cured at 95°C for 1 h. The PDMS channel layer was punched (1.5 mm outer diameter (OD), KAI Medical, Japan) to create media input and output ports (Inlet and Outlet respectively), cleaned with isopropanol and dried overnight. The PDMS was subsequently activated with air plasma and bound to a glass microscope slide to seal the channels. The chips were equipped with silicon tubing 0.5 inner diameter (ID) (IBIDI, 10840, Gräfelfing, Germany) and proper sealing was confirmed after perfusion with water.

Girod V., Houssier R., Sahmer K., Ghoris M.J., Caby S., Melnyk O., Dissous C., Senez V, & Vicogne J. (2022). A self-purifying microfluidic system for identifying drugs acting against adult schistosomes. Royal Society Open Science, 9(11), 220648.

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Fabrication of Microfluidic PDMS Devices

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Microfluidic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices were fabricated by photolithography and soft lithography. The device design was drawn in AutoCAD to be used as photomask. The microfluidic device is functionally composed of an aqueous channel with gastric cancer cells, collagen solution and oil (Supplementary Figure S1). Dimension of device is described in detail in Supplementary Figure 1. Patterned silicon mold of 100 μm in height was prepared from SU-8 2100 (MicroChem) according to protocol. PDMS prepolymer and curing agent (Sylgard 184 Silicon Elastomer Kit, Dow Corning) were mixed at 10:1 ratio before poured on silicon mold. After curing at 70 °C for 2 hours, PDMS was peeled off from the mold before holes at inlets and outlets were punched. A flat PDMS sheet was bonded with the device after oxygen plasma treatment (Femto Science, Cute) for 30 s.

Jang M., Koh I., Lee S.J., Cheong J.H, & Kim P. (2017). Droplet-based microtumor model to assess cell-ECM interactions and drug resistance of gastric cancer cells. Scientific Reports, 7, 41541.

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Fabrication of Microfluidic Devices for Cell Culture

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The microfluidic devices used in this study were fabricated using soft lithography and rapid prototyping. Briefly, SU-8 100 negative photoresist was spun to generate a 250 micron thick layer on a 6-in silicon wafer and cured with UV light to form the layer for the channels. A second 250 micron thick layer of SU-8 for the ports was then spun and cured to form the master replica mold. Elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, Sylgard 184 Silicon Elastomer Kit, Dow Corning) was cast over the SU-8 master and cured under compression. PDMS microchannels were first fabricated as arrays comprising 192 identical straight microchannels following established procedures ^{10a (link), 11 (link)}, where individual channels were 5.75 L x 0.75 W x 0.25 H (mm) in dimension. These microfluidic straight channel arrays take advantage of passive pumping for media exchange ^{12 (link)}. Smaller arrays of identical microchannels were cut out from the larger array as needed, sterilized with 70% ethanol, and then reversibly bonded to non-treated bacteriological grade PS substrates (bgPS; Nunc) or tissue culture-treated PS substrates (tctPS; BD Falcon). Bonded devices were air-dried prior to cell-seeding.

Lam J., Marklein R.A., Jimenez-Torres J.A., Beebe D.J., Bauer S.R, & Sung K.E. (2017). Adaptation of a simple microfluidic platform for high-dimensional quantitative morphological analysis of human mesenchymal stromal cells on polystyrene-based substrates. SLAS technology, 22(6), 646-661.

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Microfabrication via Photolithography and DRIE

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Basic photolithography accompanied by deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) of silicon using an oxide mask was used for the master fabrication process. Afterwards, using soft lithography, the pattern was transferred to PDMS (Sylgard 184 Silicon Elastomer Kit, Dow Corning) with the 10:1 weight ratio of the base polymer to the curing agent according to the previously published report^{64 (link)}.

Yazdian Kashani S., Keshavarz Moraveji M, & Bonakdar S. (2021). Computational and experimental studies of a cell-imprinted-based integrated microfluidic device for biomedical applications. Scientific Reports, 11, 12130.

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Soft Lithography for Microfluidic Device Fabrication

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Soft lithography was used to fabricate two master molds of arrays of 24 devices, as described previously^{18 (link)}. Briefly, silicon wafers were spin coated with SU-8 100 (Microchem, Newton, MA), soft baked at 85°C for 4 hours, and exposed to UV through a transparent mask with the desired pattern before baking again at 85°C for 2 hours. One master formed the culture chamber layer while the other formed the inlet and outlet port layer. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, Sylgard 184 Silicon Elastomer Kit, Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, MI) was applied to the master molds using a 10:1 ratio of base to curing agent and cured at 80°C for 4 hours. Both PDMS layers were soxhlet extracted to remove any unpolymerized PDMS monomer and plasma bonded to a glass microscope slide. Immediately prior to use, the devices were UV sterilized and filled with 1X PBS as a wetting agent.

Barkal L.J., Walsh N.M., Botts M.R., Beebe D.J, & Hull C.M. (2016). Leveraging a high resolution microfluidic assay reveals insights into pathogenic fungal spore germination. Integrative biology : quantitative biosciences from nano to macro, 8(5), 603-615.

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Fabrication of PDMS Microfluidic Devices

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Example 3

First, the silicon master was fabricated using the photolithography technique. To begin with, the flat silicon wafer was washed and dried. Then, a photoresist (SU-8 2050, MicroChem Corporation) was spin-coated (100 μm thickness) onto the wafer to reach desired thickness. Next, the substrate underwent soft bake, UV exposure, and post-exposure bake. During the UV exposure step, a photo mask with the designed pattern was placed on the wafer to cure only the area of interests. After the curing process, the excess uncured photoresist was washed out. The master was silanized by treatment with a vapor of trichloro (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane, Sigma-Aldrich) to create a hydrophobic surface. Second, PDMS pre-polymer (SYLGARD 184 Silicon Elastomer Kit, Dow Corning) and its curing agent were thoroughly mixed in the 1:10 mass ratio. After degassing, the pre-polymer solution was cast onto the silicon master with the desired feature on it. Then, it was cured at 60° C. for 2 hr. The cured PDMS with the desired pattern was gently peeled off from the master. The fabrication of the flat PDMS followed the same procedure. The only difference was that the pre-polymer solution was poured on the flat silicon wafer.

US11458221B2. Diatom microbubbler for biofilm removal (2022-10-04). The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois [US]. Inventors: Hyunjoon Kong [US], Yongbeom Seo [US], Jiayu Leong [SG], Yu-Heng Deng [US].

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Synthesis and Characterization of Biomaterial Composites

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Calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂·2H₂O), sodium alginate, and hydrogen chloride (HCl, 37%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and curing agent (Sylgard 184 Silicon Elastomer Kit) were obtained from Dow Corning (Midland, MI, USA). Graphite flakes were obtained from Superior Graphite (Chicago, IL, USA). Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, 98%), phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄, 85%), potassium permanganate (KMnO₄, 99.9%) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 30%) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Risedronate was obtained as a gift sample from Fleming Laboratories Ltd. (Hyderabad, India).

Veerla S.C., Kim D.R, & Yang S.Y. (2018). Fabrication of a microfluidic device for studying the in situ drug-loading/release behavior of graphene oxide-encapsulated hydrogel beads. Biomaterials Research, 22, 7.

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