Cis bis 2 2 bipyridine dichlororuthenium 2 2 2 bipyridine 4 4 dicarboxylic acid

The chemical reagents for the synthesis of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺ and activated Ru(bpy)₃²⁺, including cis-bis(2,2′-bipyridine) dichlororuthenium (II), 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), sodium hexafluorophosphate, and sodium borate, were obtained from Alfa Aesar Co., Ltd. Streptavidin magnetic beads were synthesized by New England BioLabs. Diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated water and RNase inhibitor were obtained from Takara Biotechnology (Dalian) Co., Ltd. PBS (20× solution) and reagents related to electrophoresis were purchased from Shanghai Sangon Biotechnology Co. Ltd. SYBR I and SYBR II were purchased from Invitrogen. Reagent-grade L-lysine, t-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and glutathione (GSH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification except where noted. All oligonucleotides and probes synthesized in this work were purified by Invitrogen. The commercial kit for telomerase extraction was obtained from Millipore Co. Ltd.