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5 protocols using anti α sma

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Uterine Tissues

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Paraffin-embedded uterine tissues were sliced into 3–5 micrometer cross sections, then deparaffinized, rehydrated, and assayed with anti-α-SMA (1:200; GeneTex). The IHC staining procedures were completed by the Bio-Check Laboratories LTD (Taipei, Taiwan). The EVOS® microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was employed for imaging.
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2

Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Kidney Tissue

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Kidney tissues were fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin solution and embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections (3–4 μm) were stained with H&E, periodic acid-silver methenamine (PASM), Masson’s trichrome, and Sirius red. For immunohistochemical analysis, mouse kidney sections were separated, rehydrated, and incubated with anti-FN (1:200; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti-α-SMA (1:500; GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA), anti-TGF-β1, anti-CTGF (1:400; Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti-p-p65 (1:400; Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-p-p38, and anti-p-ERK1/2 antibodies (1:400; Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA). Then, the percentage of positively stained area was measured in high-power (×400) fields on each slide and quantified using Image-Pro Plus software.
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3

Immunoblotting for Inflammatory Markers

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Immunoblot analysis was performed as previously described.(24 ) Anti- IL-17A antibody (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, US), anti- TNF-α (abcam, Cambridge, MA, US), and anti-α-SMA (GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA) antibodies were used in combination with appropriate peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies. Protein load was verified with GAPDH antibody (Genetex, Irvine, CA) or α-tubulin antibody (dilution 1:10,000) (Hybridomabank, University of Iowa) (kindly provided by M. Kaulich, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, US). Bands were visualized with the enhanced chemiluminescence reagent and digitized using a CCD camera (ChemiDoc®, Biorad, Hercules, CA, USA). Expression intensity was quantified by ImageLab (Biorad). Quantification of serum IL-1β levels were performed according to the manufactures’ instruction (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).
Unless stated otherwise, all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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4

Hepatocyte Lipid Metabolism Assay

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BPA, bovine serum albumin (BSA), sodium oleate (OA), sodium palmitate (PA), n-acetylcysteine (NAC), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). BODIPY FL lactosylceramide (LacCer) complexed to BSA was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). The antibodies used included anti-CD36 (GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA), anti-α-SMA (GeneTex), anti-α-tubulin (GeneTex), anti-collagen I (GeneTex), anti-CHOP (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-SR-A1 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), and anti-SR-B1 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA).
A human hepatoma HUH-7 cell line was purchased from the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources Cell Bank (Osaka, Japan). HUH-7 cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma-Aldrich) and a 1% mixture of penicillin G, streptomycin, and amphotericin B at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 incubator.
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5

Histopathological Analysis of Liver Transplant

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Para n-embedded tissue preparations from both a liver-transplantation recipient diagnosed with hepatic failure and a healthy liver donor were subjected to histopathological analysis. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical analyses (IHC) were then carried out through standard procedures (Haraguchi et al. 2020 (link)) with the use of the following antibodies: anti-cytokeratin7 (CK7, readyto-use, cat. no. M7018, DAKO), anti-CXCR4 (1:500, cat. no. ab124824, Abcam), anti-Hepatocyte (Hep par 1, ready-to-use, cat. no. M7158, DAKO), anti-methylcytocine binding protein 2 (MeCP2, 1:1000, cat. no. 3456, Cell Signaling), anti-CXCR7 (1:1000, cat. no. GTX100027, GeneTex), anti-αSMA (1:100, cat. no. M0851, DAKO) and anti-8-OHdG (1:500, cat. no. bs-1278R, Bioss ANTIBODIES).
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