Hx 600 90

ESD was performed under conscious sedation (6 patients) or general anesthesia (4 patients) using a colonoscope (CF-Q260 or CF-HQ290, Olympus) with an attached transparent cap. Carbon dioxide was used for insufflation. Other equipment and accessories used during the procedure included a high-frequency generator (VIO 200D; ERBE), an argon plasma coagulation unit (APC300; ERBE), various dissecting knives (hybrid knife, dual knife, and insulation-tip knife), an injection needle (NM-4L-1; Olympus), and hemostatic clips (HX-600-90; Olympus).

ESE was performed under general anesthesia through tracheal intubation. A carbon dioxide insufflator (UCR; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was used. Other equipment and accessories included a high-frequency generator (VIO 200D; ERBE, Tübingen, Germany), an argon plasma coagulation unit (APC300; ERBE), a hybrid knife (ERBE), a dual knife (KD-650Q; Olympus), an insulation-tip knife (KD611L, IT2; Olympus), an injection needle (NM-4L-1; Olympus), and hemostatic clips (HX-600-90; Olympus).

All the STER procedures were performed under general anesthesia by an experienced endoscopist. A carbon dioxide insufflator (UCR; Olympus) was used for insufflation during the procedure. While most of the procedures were completed using dual knives (KD-650Q; Olympus), some employed a hybrid knife (ERBE), and an insulation-tip knife (KD611L, IT2; Olympus) to help dissect the SMTs during the STER procedure. Other equipment and accessories used included a high-frequency generator (VIO 200D; ERBE), an argon plasma coagulation unit (APC300; ERBE), an injection needle (NM-4L-1; Olympus), and hemostatic clips (HX-600–90; Olympus).