Trichloroacetic acid

Sulphorhodamine B (SRB); the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent; (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG); ferulic acid, phytic acid, gallic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and γ-linolenic acid; γ-oryzanol; and α-, β-, and γ-tocopherol were obtained from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA). Finasteride and dutasteride were obtained from Wuhan W&Z Biotech (Wuhan, China). Agarose gel, Tris base, and 50X Tris/acetic acid/EDTA (TAE) were purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA). Foetal bovine serum (FBS; cat no. 16000044) and Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI-1640; cat no. 31800022) were obtained from Gibco Life Technologies (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Penicillin/streptomycin solution (100X) was purchased from Capricorn Scientific GmbH (Ebsdorfergrund, Germany). Ethanol, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), acetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and other chemical substances were obtained from RCI Labscan (Bangkok, Thailand). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.

Finasteride and dutasteride were purchased from Wuhan W&Z Biotech (Wuhan, China). Trypsin, Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium (RPMI-1640), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and streptomycin were obtained from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 3-(2-yyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4′,4′′-disulfonic acid sodium salt (ferrozine), iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl₂ · 4H₂O), L-ascorbic acid, Trolox, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and sulforhodamine B (SRB) were obtained from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA). Agarose gel, Tris base, and 50X Tris/acetic acid/EDTA (TAE) were obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA). Ethanol, acetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and other chemical substances were obtained from RCI Labscan (Bangkok, Thailand). All other chemical substances were of analytical grade.