The bacterial strains, plasmids and primers used in this study are listed in Supplementary Table S1, Table S2 and Table S3, respectively. All bacterial strains were grown on Luria-Bertani (LB) plates or in LB broth. All NDM-1-positive strains were originated from our previous studies [17] . E. cloacae 20710 and E. cloacae 20712 were provided by Dr. Yonghong Xiao at Zhejiang University [18] . A. baumannii 21 was provided by Dr. Zhimin Guo at the First Hospital of Jilin University.
The full gene sequences of blaIMP-1, blaVIM-1, blaKPC-2 and blaOXA-48 were synthesized by GeneScript (Nanjing, China) and were inserted into pET28a or pETSUMO for protein expression.
The FDA-approved drug library was purchased from ApexBio Technology (Cat#L1021, Houston, TX, USA). Dexrazoxane, embelin, CAN and NDGA were dissolved in DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Meropenem, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and gentamicin were obtained from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China).
The full gene sequences of blaIMP-1, blaVIM-1, blaKPC-2 and blaOXA-48 were synthesized by GeneScript (Nanjing, China) and were inserted into pET28a or pETSUMO for protein expression.
The FDA-approved drug library was purchased from ApexBio Technology (Cat#L1021, Houston, TX, USA). Dexrazoxane, embelin, CAN and NDGA were dissolved in DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Meropenem, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and gentamicin were obtained from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China).