Iridium chloride hydrate

Iron(III) nitrate nine-hydrate (Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O, 99.99%), cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, 99.99%), iridium chloride hydrate (IrCl₃·xH₂O, 99.9%), potassium chloride (KCl, ≥99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, ≥96%), sodium chloride (NaCl, ≥99.5%), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃, ≥99.5%) were purchased from Fuchen Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH, ≥99.5%) was purchased from Tianjin Fuyu Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) was purchased from Dojindo China Beijing Co., Ltd. Carbon fiber paper (Toray 060) was purchased from Suzhou Sinero Technology Co., Ltd. Seawater was taken from the Yellow Sea, China. Deionized (DI) water (resistivity: 18.3 MΩ cm) was used for the preparation of all aqueous solutions.

Iridium chloride hydrate (IrCl₃·xH₂O), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, MW ≈ 1,300,000), ethanol (99.9%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, anhydrous, 99.8%), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, 95.0–98.0%) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). Commercial Pt (cPt, 20 wt% metal loading on Vulcan XC-72) was obtained from Fuel Cell Store (College Station, TX, United States). CO, argon (Ar), helium (He), oxygen (O₂) and hydrogen (H₂) gases were obtained from Dong-A Gas Co. (Seoul, Korea). All of the solutions were prepared with deionized water (resistivity ≥ 18 MΩ·cm).

All solvents were of analytical grade. All buffer components were of biological grade and used as received. Iridium chloride hydrate, p-tolualdehyde and 2-acetylpyridine, 2-phenyl-pyridine (ppy), cisplatin, rapamycin, carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenylhydra-zone (FCCP) and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl-hydrazone (CCCP) were bought from Sigma Aldrich (USA). MitoTracker Red FM (MTR) was purchased from Life Technologies (USA). Microanalysis (C, H, and N) was performed using a Vario EL elemental analyzer. 1H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker ADVANCE AV 400 NMR spectrometer using (CD₃)₂SO as a solvent at room temperature and TMS as the internal standard. Electrospray mass spectra (ES-MS) were recorded on a LCQ system (Finnigan MAT, USA). The spray voltage, tube lens offset, capillary voltage and capillary temperature were set at 4.50  kV, 30.00 V, 23.00 V and 200 °C, respectively, and the quoted m/z values refer to the major peaks in the isotope distribution. UV–Vis spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 850 spectrophotometer. Emission spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer LS 55 spectrofluorophotometer at room temperature.