Verapamil

Manufactured by Bio-Techne

Sourced in United Kingdom, United States

Verapamil is a laboratory reagent used for various research applications. It functions as a calcium channel blocker, which can be utilized in studies related to cellular signaling pathways and ion transport mechanisms.

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Lab products found in correlation

Diltiazem, by Bio-Techne (3 mentions) Fura 2 am, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Carvedilol, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Propranolol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Nifedipine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Cyclopiazonic acid, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Nifedipine, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Niclosamide, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Capivasertib, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Trametinib, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Nicl2, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Mk 2206, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) 5 bromo 2 deoxyuridine brdu incorporation assay kit, by Roche (1 mentions) Hexamethonium, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Yohimbine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Prazosin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) L name, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Carbamylcholine chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Calcium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Adi spa 840, by Enzo Life Sciences (1 mentions)

15 protocols using verapamil

Evaluating Small-Molecule Inhibitors on Cell Proliferation

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To gauge the effects of small-molecule inhibitors and calcium channel blockers on proliferation of the cells, a 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay kit (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) was performed as surrogate. In our study, MEK inhibitor trametinib, AKT inhibitors capivasertib and MK-2206, and STAT3 inhibitor niclosamide (all from Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA) were employed. DMSO was used as a solvent. Additionally, the effects of MgCl₂, NiCl₂, and verapamil (Tocris bioscience, Bristol, UK; all dissolved in DMEM/F12) were investigated. The cells (5 × 10³/well) were seeded in 96-well half-area microplates at equal densities and allowed to adhere overnight in a complete culture medium. On the following day, the culture medium was replaced by a medium supplemented with inhibitors, MgCl₂ or NiCl₂ at the indicated doses. After an incubation period of 32 h, BrdU was added at a final concentration of 10 µM into the culture media. Another 16 h later, labeling was stopped, and BrdU uptake was measured according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Lange F., Porath K., Sellmann T., Einsle A., Jaster R., Linnebacher M., Köhling R, & Kirschstein T. (2023). Direct-Current Electrical Field Stimulation of Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biology, 12(7), 1032.

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Pharmacological Modulation of Familial DCM

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For pharmacological modulation of Ca²⁺ handling, sarcomere disarray, and apoptosis analyses, control and familial DCM hiPSC-CMs at day 20 were treated with either 10µM Carvedilol (Tocris, Bristol, United Kingdom) or 1nM Verapamil (Tocris) for 24 hours (Supplemental Table 1). Cells were washed with CDM3 media prior to in vitro stress testing with 10µM norepinephrine.

Wyles S., Hrstka S., Reyes S., Terzic A., Olson T, & Nelson T. (2016). Pharmacological Modulation of Calcium Homeostasis in Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy: An In Vitro Analysis From an RBM20 Patient‐Derived iPSC Model. Clinical and Translational Science, 9(3), 158-167.

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Pharmacological Modulation of Cellular Signaling

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The following drugs were used: Carbamylcholine chloride (Carbachol, CCh), propranolol,
yohimbine, prazosin, L-NAME, calcium chloride (CaCl₂), and hexamethonium were
purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (Sigma-Aldrich, USA). Atropine was supplied by Research
Biochemical Incorporated, USA and Verapamil by Tocris, USA. All chemicals used were of the
analytical grade available and solubilized in distilled water.

Marghich M., Amrani O., Mekhfi H., Ziyyat A., Bnouham M, & Aziz M. (2021). Myorelaxant and antispasmodic effect of an aqueous extract of Artemisia campestris L. via calcium channel blocking and anticholinergic pathways. Journal of Smooth Muscle Research, 57, 35-48.

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Hsp90 Inhibitors and Epigenetic Modulators

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Recombinant Hsp90a protein was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (ADI-SPP-776). DMAG-N-oxide modified geldanamycin (NPGA) was synthesized by Chris Lindsey and Craig Beeson (Drug Discovery, Medical University of South Carolina). ERK1/2 Inhibitor, SCH-229874 (S7101, Lot# 3), and EZH2 inhibitor, GSK343 (S7184), were purchased from SelleckChem. Verapamil was purchased from Tocris (0654) and Hoescht 33342 was purchased from Invitrogen (H3569). Antibodies for Snail (3895) and EZH2 (5246) were purchased from Cell Signaling. Antibody to a-tubulin (T6074) was purchased from Sigma and V5 antibody (NB600-381) was purchased from Novus Biologicals. Antibodies for Hsp90-alpha (ADI-SPA-840) and Hsp90-alpha-PE conjugate (ADI-SPA-840PE-200, Lot# 03051244C) were obtained from ENZO Lifesciences.

Nolan K.D., Kaur J, & Isaacs J.S. (2016). Secreted heat shock protein 90 promotes prostate cancer stem cell heterogeneity. Oncotarget, 8(12), 19323-19341.

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Pharmacological Modulation of Synaptic Transmission

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Pharmaceutical agents were applied via the perfusion system, in the recording chamber for 10 minutes and washed for 20 minutes. We used (in µM): 100 L-AP4 (mGluR6 agonist; L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid) and 20 NBQX (AMPA/kainate-type GluR antagonist; 2,3-Dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-benzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide) obtained from Bio Trend, 75 DL-TBOA (glutamate transporter antagonist DL-threo-β-Benzyloxy aspartic acid); 100 Verapamil (L-type voltage-gated calcium channel blocker), 50 TPMPA (GABA_C receptor antagonist; 1,2,5,6-Tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)met hylphosphinic acid) and 10 Gabazine (GABA_A receptor antagonist; 6-Imino-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1(6 H)-pyridazine-butanoic acid hydrobromide) obtained from TocrisBioscience, and 50 carbenoxolone (CBX, gap junction blocker; (3β,20β)-3-(3-Carboxy-1-oxopropoxy)-11-oxoolean-12-en-29-oic acid disodium) obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.

Haq W., Dietter J, & Zrenner E. (2018). Electrical activation of degenerated photoreceptors in blind mouse retina elicited network-mediated responses in different types of ganglion cells. Scientific Reports, 8, 16998.

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Chemerin Signaling Pathway Analysis

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Chemerin-9 was purchased from GenScript (#RP20248, Piscataway, NJ, USA), recombinant chemerin from BioVision (#4002, San Francisco, CA, USA), and both solubilized in deionized water. Pertussis toxin (#P7208), angiotensin II (#A9525), acetylcholine (#A6625), clonidine (#C7897) and phenylephrine (#P6126) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). Verapamil (#0654), Y27632 (#1254), PD098059 (#1213), and PP1 (#1397) were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (R & D, Minneapolis, MN, USA). U73122 (#70740) was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). CCX832 was a gift from Chemocentryx (Mountain View, CA, USA).

Ferland D.J., Darios E.S., Neubig R.R., Sjögren B., Truong N., Torres R., Dexheimer T.S., Thompson J.M, & Watts S.W. (2016). Chemerin-induced arterial contraction is Gi- and calcium-dependent. Vascular pharmacology, 88, 30-41.

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Vasodilation Mechanisms Investigated

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Sodium pentobarbital was obtained from Sanofi (Brussels, Belgium), indomethacin from CERTA (Belgium), N^Ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), N^Ω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and nifedipine from Sigma (Bornem, Belgium), Fura 2-AM from Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, Merelbeke, Belgium), 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), BAY K8644, levcromakalim, glibenclamide, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), diltiazem, verapamil from TOCRIS (Bristol, United Kingdom).

Fransen P., Van Hove C.E., Leloup A.J., Martinet W., De Meyer G.R., Lemmens K., Bult H, & Schrijvers D.M. (2015). Dissecting out the Complex Ca2+-Mediated Phenylephrine-Induced Contractions of Mouse Aortic Segments. PLoS ONE, 10(3), e0121634.

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Pharmacological Modulation of Familial DCM

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For pharmacological modulation of Ca²⁺ handling, sarcomere disarray, and apoptosis analyses, control and familial DCM hiPSC‐CMs at day 20 were treated with either 10 μM carvedilol (Tocris, Bristol, UK) or 1 nM verapamil (Tocris) for 24 h (Supplementary Table S1). Cells were washed with CDM3 media before in vitro stress testing with 10 μM NE.

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Calcium Signaling Imaging with Fura-2

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Fura-2 pentapotassium salt, Fura-2/AM, and Pluronic F-127 (20% solution in DMSO) were purchased from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY). Verapamil and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) were obtained from Tocris Bioscience (Minneapolis, MN). Other chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). During experiments, cells were continually perfused at 0.5 ml/min (or 10 ml/min for faster drug delivery) with a physiological solution containing (in mM): 140 NaCl, 5.4 KCl, 1.5 MgCl₂, 2 CaCl₂, 10 glucose, and 10 HEPES (pH 7.3, 300–310 mOsm/kg). For Ca²⁺-free conditions, CaCl₂ was replaced with 2 mM Na-EGTA.

Semenov I., Zemlin C., Pakhomova O.N., Xiao S, & Pakhomov A.G. (2015). Diffuse, non-polar electropermeabilization and reduced propidium uptake distinguish the effect of nanosecond electric pulses. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1848(10 0 0), 2118-2125.

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Preparation and Use of Cardiotonic Agents

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Isoproterenol (ISO; Sigma Aldrich, I5627), milrinone (MIL; Tocris, 1,504), omecamtiv mecarbil (OME; Adooq Biosciences, A11206), verapamil (VER; Tocris, 0654), and Propranolol (PRO; Sigma Aldrich, P0884) solutions were prepared freshly before use. Isoproterenol and verapamil were solubilized in distilled water (Gibco, 15230-071) as 10 mM stock. Propranolol and omecamtiv mecarbil were solubilized in DMSO (Sigma, D2650) as 10 mM stock and milrinone as 50 mM stock. They were diluted in L-15 medium (Gibco, 11415-049). During measurements, the test compounds were administered directly to the wells, diluting them to the final concentrations. The amount of DMSO in the final concentrations of omecamtiv mecarbil and Propranolol did not exceed 0.003%. For milrinone, the amount of DMSO in the final concentrations was 0.002, 0.02, and 0.2%.

Koivisto M., Mosallaei M., Toimela T., Tuukkanen S, & Heinonen T. (2022). Direct Contraction Force Measurements of Engineered Cardiac Tissue Constructs With Inotropic Drug Exposure. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 871569.

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