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11 protocols using cobalt chloride

1

Synthesis of Cobalt-Doped Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

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To enhance the magnetic properties of the SPION-loaded micelles, cobalt-doped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized, as previously described.58 (link) The 10 nm cobalt-doped SPIONs could be readily synthesized in one step (i.e., vs. sequential seed growth) and efficiently loaded into the micelles. Briefly, 1 mmol cobalt chloride (Alfa Aesar), 2 mmol iron (III) acetylacetonate (Sigma), 2 mmol oleic acid (Chem-Impex International), 6 mmol oleylamine (Sigma), and 5 mmol 1, 2-hexadecanediol (Sigma) were reacted in 20 mL benzyl ether (Sigma) in a two-neck flask while stirred under nitrogen. The reaction was heated to 200°C for 30 minutes, followed by heating to reflux for 75 minutes. The product was cooled to room temperature and washed with 100% ethanol by centrifugation at 5,500 g × 15 minutes. The pellet was resuspended in toluene and large aggregates were removed by centrifugation at 3,000 g × 15 minutes.
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2

Synthesis of Ni/Co@G-doped MgH2 Composites

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The starting chemicals of cobalt chloride (CoCl2·6H2O, purity 99.99%), nickel chloride (NiCl2·6H2O, purity 99.3%), and hexamethylenetetramine (C6H12N4, purity 99%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar and used without further purification. First, CoCl2·6H2O, NiCl2·6H2O, and hexamethylenetetramine were dissolved in 1,000 ml of deionized water at different weight ratios and then refluxed for 6 h under nitrogen protection with continuous magnetic stirring. The light-pink precipitate was recovered by filtration and washed with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol in turn. Finally, it was air-dried at room temperature. By changing the starting mixing ratio of CoCl2·6H2O and NiCl2·6H2O, different kinds of Co/Ni(OH)x precursors can be obtained according to the above process.
The precursor and graphene were first mixed manually at an optimized weight ratio of 7:3, and then the mixed powders were ball-milled on a planetary ball mill at 300 rpm with a ball-to-sample weight ratio of 60:1 for 6 h under an argon atmosphere. The catalyst powders were then thermally annealed at ~800°C for 5 h. Subsequently, the catalyst obtained was used to dope MgH2 by mixing them at a weight ratio of 95:5 for 2 h under a 0.5 MPa hydrogen atmosphere by using a planetary mill at 400 rpm with a 20:1 ball-to-powder ratio and are denoted as Ni/Co@G-doped MgH2 composites.
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3

Cobalt and Nickel Chloride Synthesis

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Cobalt chloride (CoCl2·6H2O) and nickel chloride (NiCl2·6H2O) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN, Mw = 150,000) and Thiourea were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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4

Synthesis of Hydrated Metal Chlorides

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The reagents, zinc chloride [ZnCl2·6H2O], gadolinium chloride [GdCl3·6H2O], and cobalt chloride [CoCl2·4H2O] were purchased from Alfa-Aesar and used as received.
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5

Pharmacological Inhibition of HIF-1α in AAA

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2ME and digoxin were purchased from Selleck Chemicals, Houston, and MP Biomedicals LLC, Solon, OH, respectively. Both compounds were freshly prepared in 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose/phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and administered to mice at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 2ME, or 2 mg/kg for digoxin, per day via oral gavage. Dosages were selected based on those proven effective in prior published studies in other disease mouse models31 (link), 32 (link). To evaluate the effect of HIF-1α inhibitor treatment on AAA initiation and progression, treatment was initiated one day prior to, and terminated 14 days following, PPE infusion. To evaluate the effect on progression of existing AAAs, treatment was delayed until 4 days following PPE infusion and administered for a total of 10 days. Control mice for both groups were treated with equal volumes of vehicle over similar timeframes. In additional experiments, mice were treated with one of two mechanistically distinct PHD inhibitors, either cobalt chloride 30 mg/kg/d/ip (Alfa Aesar, Tewksbury, MA) or 1-(5-chloro-6-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (JNJ-42041935), 100 μmoles/kg/d via oral gavage (Acme Bioscience, Inc., Palo Alto, CA), or vehicle alone, beginning one day prior to PPE infusion and continuing for 14 days33 (link), 34 (link)
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Compounds

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l-Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate was purchased from TCI (Tokyo, Japan). Potassium nitrate (>99.0%), silver nitrate (>99.0%), and sodium chloride (>99.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Copper nitrate trihydrate (>99.0%), lead nitrate (>99.0%), and sodium bromide (99.5%) were purchased from Acros (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (>98.0%) and sodium iodide (>99.0%) were procured from SHOWA (Tokyo, Japan). Cobalt chloride (97.0%), iron chloride (98.0%), and mercury chloride (>98.0%) were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Heysham, England). Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (>99.0%) and manganese chloride dehydrate (>99.0%) were purchased from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). Monobasic, dibasic, and tribasic sodium salts of phosphate, phosphoric acid (85.0%), sodium hydroxide (98.0%), and zinc nitrate hexahydrate (>99.0%) were obtained from J.T. Baker (Center Valley, PA, USA). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ cm) from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) was used to prepare all solutions.
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7

Electrocatalyst Synthesis Protocols

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Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were used in the
experimental studies. Ethanol (C2H5OH) and alumina
powder (Al2O3) were used to clean the working
electrodes. In the catalyst preparation stage, palladium(II) chloride
(PdCl2), manganese(II) chloride (MnCl2), silver
nitrate (AgNO3), cobalt chloride (CoCl2), zinc
chloride (ZnCl2), vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5), nickel(II) sulfate (NiSO4), sodium borohydride
(NaBH4), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and Nafion solution were
used and obtained from Alfa Aesar.
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8

Cell Culture Conditions for Breast Cancer Cell Lines

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The MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines were provided by Dr. Peter Siegel (Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada) and maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine, 10 mM HEPES buffer and 1 mM sodium pyruvate. SKBR3 cells, obtained from Dr. Sylvie Mader (Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada), were grown in McCoy’s 5A Medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS, 2 mM L-glutamine and 10 mM HEPES buffer at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. MCF10A and MCF12A protein extracts were provided by Dr. Isabelle Plante (INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada). All cell culture products were purchased from Life Technologies (Burlington, ON, Canada). Cobalt chloride and lactose were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Ottawa, ON, Canada). MG-132 was from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). All other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), unless otherwise indicated.
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9

Polymer Synthesis and Cell Culture Materials

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All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI) except the following. 2-mercaptoethyl ether (MEE), glutaraldehyde, and cobalt chloride were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA), and the tertiary amine catalyst (TEGOAMIN33) was obtained from Goldschmidt (Hopewell, VA). Glycolide and D,L-lactide were obtained from Polysciences (Warrington, PA). Coscat83, an organobismuth urethane catalyst, was supplied by ChasChem, Inc. (Rutherford, NJ). Hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDIt, Desmodur N3300A) was received as a gift from Bayer Material Science (Pittsburgh, PA). Cell culture reagents, including Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin/streptomycin were supplied by Gibco Cell Culture (Carlsbad, CA). All materials were used as received unless otherwise indicated.
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10

Immobilized Urease Biosensor Development

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Sodium alginate (mol. wt. 120,000–190,000), urease, and sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, New Delhi, India. Calcium chloride, manganous chloride, ferrous chloride, cobalt chloride, sodium chloride, Nessler’s reagent, and urea were supplied by Fisher Scientific, New Delhi, India. Hexane was supplied by CDH, New Delhi, India. All chemicals were of analytical grade (AR) and were used as received. Triple distilled water was used throughout the experiments.
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