Petri dishes

Soil samples were collected in the “Abra del Infiernillo” (Tafí del Valle, Argentina), in Gwalior (India), in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (an International Biosphere Reserve of USA), and in different locations throughout Spain. For the isolation of soil-borne ascomycetes, we followed a previously described procedure [13 (link)] to activate dormant spores by using thermal shock at 60 °C and chemical agents, i.e., 5% v/v acetic acid and 2% w/v phenol. Fungal colonies were examined under a stereomicroscope and sexual structures were transferred to Petri dishes (DELTALAB, Barcelona, Spain) containing oatmeal agar (OA; oatmeal flakes, 30 g; agar-agar, 20 g; distilled water, 1 L, homemade) using a sterile needle, and incubated at 15, 25, and 35 °C.

All the extraction assays used Ethanol from Panreac and Methanol (Labkem, Barcelona, Spain). The preparation of the calibration graph involved the following products from different trading houses: Pinocembrin, Med Chem Express and Galangin, Med Chem Express, both from Sweden and Quercetin, Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The spectrophotometric measurements required a Beckman DU-7400 Spectrophotometer. Culture media for microbiological determinations were Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) and Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA), both from Bioser (Barcelona, Spain). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Discs and Resazurin (7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazine-3-one-10-oxide) from Oxoid (Basingstoke, UK) were also employed. Petri Dishes and V-bottom microtiter plates were from Deltalab (Barcelona, Spain). The adhesive film for Culture Plates Porous was from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA).