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9 protocols using abt 263

1

Spheroid Drug Treatment Optimization

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Two days after cell seeding, 50% of medium was replaced with fresh medium leaving the spheroids undisturbed. After two additional days, spheroids were treated with MK2206 (2–5μM, Selleck Chemicals), ABT-263 (2μM, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL) or paraquat (PQ, Sigma-Aldrich) for 24 to 72 hours at the indicated concentrations. Control spheroids were treated with an equivalent amount of the vehicle, DMSO.
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2

Apoptosis pathway inhibitors protocol

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ABT-263, A-1331852 and A-1210477 were from AbbVie (North Chicago, IL, USA),
ABT-199, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), CB-839, simvastatin, rapamycin and
torin-1 from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA),
gamma-L-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide (GPNA) from Insight
Biotechnology (Wembley, Middlesex, UK), azaserine from Cambridge Bioscience
(Cambridge, UK), aminooxyacetate (AOA), sodium palmitate, dimethyl
α-ketoglutarate, oxaloacetate and citrate from Sigma-Aldrich
(Gillingham, UK), L-glutamine from Life Technologies (Paisley, UK) and
GSK2194069, SB204990, atorvastatin, pitavastatin and bafilomycin A1 from Tocris
(Abingdon, UK). Antibodies against PARP, BCL-2, MCL-1, BAX, BAK and GAPDH were
from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), caspase-3, caspase-9,
BCL-XL, BCL-w, BIM, PUMA, BAD, IDH2, ACL, ACO2, ATG5 and ATG7
from Cell Signaling Technology (MA, USA), BID from Prof. J. Borst (The
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), NOXA from Millipore
(Watford, UK) and SLC1A5, GLS, GFAT, GLUD1, IDH3, FASN and HMGR from Abcam
(Cambridge, UK).
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3

Cell Line Maintenance and Compound Treatment

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The A549 and HEK293T cell lines were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA), and all other cell lines were graciously provided by researchers at Virginia Commonwealth University: M. Hartman (MDA‐MB‐231) and J. Landry (Lewis Lung Carcinoma). All cell lines were maintained in DMEM (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (Gemini, West Sacramento, CA, USA), and 100 U·mL−1 penicillin G sodium/100 µg·mL−1 streptomycin sulfate (Thermo Fisher). Etoposide (Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), doxorubicin (Tocris, Minneapolis, MN, USA), ABT‐263 (AbbVie), ABT‐199 (APExBio, Houston, TX, USA), and A‐1155463 (APExBio) were all dissolved in DMSO and administered in the dark at the desired concentrations. Radiation was performed using a 137Cs irradiator. To establish knockdown cell lines, viral particles were produced by triple transfection of the appropriate shRNA plasmids, psPAX2, and pMD2.G (Addgene, Watertown, MA, USA) with EndoFectin‐Lenti (GeneCopoeia, Rockville, MD, USA) into HEK293T cells. Target cells were transduced with the viral supernatant and then, where appropriate, selected for by 1 µg·mL−1 puromycin.
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4

Tumor Growth and Therapeutic Evaluation

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All animal studies were conducted in accordance with Virginia Commonwealth University IACUC guidelines. To establish tumors, 2.5 million cells suspended in sterile 50/50 PBS‐Geltrex basement membrane matrix (Thermo Fisher) were injected either subcutaneously into both rear flanks (A549 cells, male NSG) or orthotopically by surgical implantation into both a left and right mammary fat pad (MDA‐MB‐231 cells, female NSG). Once tumors approached 100 mm3, A549‐tumor‐bearing mice were treated with 15 mg·kg−1 etoposide (Massey Cancer Center Pharmacy, Richmond, VA, USA, diluted in 80% PBS, 10% ethanol, 5% DMSO, 5% emulphor v/v) by intraperitoneal injections every other day for a total of five injections. MDA‐MB‐231 tumor‐bearing mice were treated with 2.5 mg·kg−1 doxorubicin (Massey Cancer Center Pharmacy) by intraperitoneal injections once weekly for a total of two injections. Cohorts that received ABT‐263 (AbbVie) were administered 50 mg·kg−1 (dissolved in 60% phosal, 30% PEG, 10% ethanol v/v) by oral gavage every other day for a total of 7 days, beginning 24 h after last chemotherapy treatment. Tumor volumes were taken by manual caliper measurements. For X‐Gal and immunofluorescence staining, tumors were frozen into OCT molds and cut into 5‐µm sections by the Tissue and Data Acquisition and Analysis Core at VCU.
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5

In vivo Xenograft Treatment Protocol

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For in vivo studies, T-DM1 (Genentech) was administered i.p. at 10 mg/kg once per week. ABT-737 (AbbVie) was administered i.p. at 70 mg/kg once per day. ABT-263 (AbbVie) was administered p.o. at 70 mg/kg once per day. T-DM1 was prepared according to Genentech recommendations in sterile water for injection (Gibco). ABT-737 and ABT-263 were prepared according to AbbVie recommendations. ABT-737 in 30% propylene glycol (Sigma) plus 0.5% Tween 80 (Sigma) and 65% D5W (5% dextrose in water, Sigma) pH 3–4 and ABT-263 in 60% PHOSAL 50 PG (Lipoid) plus 30% polyethylene glycol 400 (Dow Chemical) and 10% ethanol. Matched control animals received vehicle alone in the same manner as drug-treated counterparts. All animals were randomized into groups and weighed before treatment. Individual weights were used for dose calculations. Weights were re-measured at the 14-day experimental end point. Weight reductions >20% prevented continuous treatments beyond 14 days.
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6

Murine models for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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Genetically-engineered mouse (GEM) p185+ or p185T315IAr−/− or p53−/− B-ALL were grown in RPMI with 10% fetal bovine serum, 55 μM 2-mercaptoethanol, 2 mM glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin. SV40-transformed wild-type, Noxa-deficient and CHOP-deficient murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were cultured in DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum, 55 μM 2-mercaptoethanol, 2 mM glutamine, and gentamycin (20 (link), 21 (link)). ABT-263 was provided by AbbVie, IL. DHA was from AvaChem Scientific (San Antonio, TX). Human Ph+ leukemia cell lines, OP-1, TOM-1, SUP-B15, and BV-173 were grown in RPMI with 20% fetal bovine serum, 55 μM 2-mercaptoethanol, 2 mM glutamine, penicillin, and streptomycin.
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7

Anticancer Compounds from Diverse Sources

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ABT-737, ABT-263, ABT-199, A-1331852 and A-1210477 were kindly provided by AbbVie Inc. (North Chicago, IL, USA). Compounds 10, 20, 21, 22, 36, 37 and 41 were provided by Dr. Z Nikolovska-Coleska (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA).8 (link) Compound 9 was custom-synthesised and purchased from Molport (Riga, Latvia).6 (link) MIM-1 and the stapled peptides against MCL-1 and NOXA were kindly provided by Dr. L Walensky (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA).7 (link), 16 (link) Maritoclax was provided by Professor H-G Wang (Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA).10 (link) Apogossypol, Sabutoclax and BI112D1 were provided by Professor M. Pellecchia (Sanford-Burnham Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA).11 (link), 12 (link) Gossypol, Obatoclax and TW-37 were obtained from Selleck Chemicals Co. (Houston, TX, USA).
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8

Cell Culture and Characterization Protocol

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LNCaP, C4–2, PC3 and RV1 cells were obtained from ATCC and cultured in RPM1640 medium with 10% FBS and penicillin-streptomycin (100 IU/ml). VCaP, MDA-MB-468, MCF7 (from ATCC) and A549 (kindly provided by Dr. Susumu Kobayashi, BIDMC) were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% FBS and penicillin-streptomycin (100 IU/ml). Cell identify was confirmed by STR analysis, and Mycoplasma testing was negative. For most immunoblotting or RT-PCR experiments, cells were grown to 50%−60% confluence in 10% FBS containing medium for 1 day and then treated with indicated drugs. Transfections were carried out using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer’s instruction. For colony formation assays, approximately 4,000 cells were seeded onto chamber slides (LAB-TEK) coated with growth factor-reduced Matrigel (BD Biosciences), and then cultured in RPMI1640 medium replenished with 2% FBS and 2% Matrigel. The medium was replaced every 4 days. ABT-737 was from Selleck Chemicals. ABT-263 was kindly provided by AbbVie Inc. S63845 was from MedChemExpress.
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9

Spheroid Drug Treatment Optimization

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Two days after cell seeding, 50% of medium was replaced with fresh medium leaving the spheroids undisturbed. After two additional days, spheroids were treated with MK2206 (2–5μM, Selleck Chemicals), ABT-263 (2μM, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL) or paraquat (PQ, Sigma-Aldrich) for 24 to 72 hours at the indicated concentrations. Control spheroids were treated with an equivalent amount of the vehicle, DMSO.
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