Methyl p hydroxybenzoate

FAM powder, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), gum arabic, isoflurane, D-mannitol, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and cytochalasin D were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). The Bio-Rad Protein Assay Kit and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) were obtained from Bio-Rad (CA, United States) and Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), respectively. Nystatin was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). Pentobarbital and 1-heptanesulfonic acid sodium salt were obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Methylcellulose (MC) was purchased from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Rottlerin and dynasore were obtained from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). All chemicals used were of the highest commercially available purity.

Pentobarbital was purchased from Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd. (Toyo, Japan). TUL, cytochalasin D, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000, cetyl alcohol, l-menthol, mineral oil, white wax, sodium tetraborate, propylene glycol, beeswax, and sodium dodecyl sulfate were provided by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Commercially available 0.5 mg TUL tape (CA-TUL, Hokunalin^® Tapes 0.5 mg) was obtained from Mylan EPD G.K (Tokyo, Japan). Rottlerin and dynasore were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan), and methylcellulose (MC, SM-4) was obtained from Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) was supplied by Nihon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), and PEG 400 was provided by Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Nystatin and 450 nm pore size MF^TM membrane filters were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan (Tokyo, Japan) and Merck Millipore (Tokyo, Japan), respectively. All other chemicals used were of the highest purity commercially available.

All other chemicals used were of the highest purity commercially available. Briefly, the CA-MXD (Riup 5%) and MXD powder were supplied by Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), and TRIzol reagent was obtained from Life Technologies Inc. (Rockville, MD, USA). Methyl cellulose (MC) was provided by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate, Mannitol and methyl p-hydroxybenzoate were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). RNA PCR Kit (AMV Ver 3.0) was obtained from TaKaRa Bio Inc. (Shiga, Japan). LightCycler FastStart DNA Master SYBR Green I and a Bio-Rad Protein Assay Kit were purchased from Roche Diagnostics Applied Science (Mannheim, Germany) and Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA), respectively. A Mouse/Rat insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) ELISA kit and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ELISA kit were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA) and Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), respectively.