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Ain93m

Manufactured by Specialty Feeds
Sourced in Australia

The AIN93M is a laboratory equipment product designed for use in various research and analytical settings. It serves as a core component in the execution of specific experimental protocols and procedures. The product's function is to provide a controlled and standardized environment for sample preparation, analysis, or other relevant laboratory activities. No further details on the intended use or application of this product are provided.

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7 protocols using ain93m

1

High-Fat Diet and Milk Consumption Study

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Young adult wild-type C57BL/6J male mice were purchased from Animal Resources Centre (Canning Vale, WA, Australia) at 5 weeks of age. Following a 1-week acclimatisation period, mice were randomly separated into one of 5 dietary intervention groups (n = 5 per group). The low-fat control group was given water with a standard maintenance chow (LF) (AIN-93M, Specialty Feeds, Glen Forrest, WA, Australia). The high-fat control group was given water with a high-fat chow (HF) (SF07, Specialty Feeds, Glen Forrest, WA, Australia). Two additional groups were maintained on a 20% full cream milk solution diluted in water with one group given the low-fat diet (LF+FC) and one group receiving the high-fat chow (HF+FC). The final group was given 20% skim milk solution diluted in water in addition to the high-fat chow (HF+Skim). See Supplementary Table S1 for the macronutrient composition for each intervention. Each group was sacrificed 13 weeks after commencing the dietary intervention. Mice were housed in groups of 5 in ventilated cages with a 12-h light/dark cycle under controlled air pressure and temperature (21 °C). All groups had ad libitum access to food and drink. This study was approved by the Curtin Animal Ethics Committee (AEC Approval No. 2018-03).
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2

Dietary Intervention for Insulin Resistance

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Male 6-week old C57BL6/J mice were purchased from Animal Resources Centre (WA, Australia). Mice were randomly allocated to either control or diabetic group (n = 20). The sample size was determined based on previous studies (Al-Salami et al., 2017 (link); Mamo et al., 2017 (link)). Mice in control group received standard low-fat (LF) chow (AIN-93M, Specialty Feeds, WA, Australia), while diabetic group received a pro-diabetic diet containing high fat and fructose (HFF; 30% (w/w) lard, 0.5% (w/w) cholesterol and 15% (w/w) fructose (SF14-088, see Supplementary Tables S1, S2 for detail). The intervention duration of 4 weeks was chosen based on our pilot data, which indicated the onset of mild-insulin resistance, while 24 weeks was to explore the chronic effects of insulin resistance on cognitive function and BBB permeability. The mice of both LF and HFF group had ad libitum access to the chow and water.
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3

Brain Tissue Collection in Aging Mice

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Male HSHA mice were maintained on standard maintenance chow (AIN93M, Specialty Feeds, W.A, Australia). At the age of 4, 6, 8, 12, and 18 months, the mice were killed through cardiac puncture under isoflurane anaesthesia. Brain tissue was collected into PBS, and a sagittal cut was made. The left hemisphere was immediately snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. The right hemisphere was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 hours and cryoprotected in 20% sucrose for 72 hours before freezing in dry ice/isopentane. All plasma and tissue samples were stored at −80°C until next use.
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4

High-salt diet in young animals

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A subset of animals aged 10 weeks (N = 11 per sex per treatment, one or two animals from each litter) was randomly allocated to receive a high salt (HS) diet (5% NaCl, wt/wt; modified AIN 93 M, SF05-023; Specialty Feeds, Glen Forrest, WA, Australia) whilst litter mates remained on a normal salt (NS) diet (0.26% NaCl, wt/wt; AIN93M; Specialty Feeds) as previously described8 (link). Animals were maintained on the diet until euthanasia at 12 months of age.
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5

Characterizing Leptin Receptor Deficient Mice

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Male mice with spontaneous homozygous mutation in the leptin receptor gene (db/db) and heterozygote db/+ of C57BLK/6J background were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory, the US and were maintained at the Animal Resource Centre, Western Australia. Animals at 4 weeks of age were group housed in a temperature-controlled laboratory at Curtin University on a 12 h light/dark cycle with standard chow (AIN93M, Specialty Feeds, WA) and water provided ad libitum. Following 7 d of acclimatisation, animals were randomly separated into 14-week and 28-week experimental endpoints. Body weight was measured prior to euthanasia. Experiments were conducted according to approved animal ethics protocol (Curtin Animal Ethics Committee, approval no. ARE 2018-19).
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6

Genetic Modifications in Murine Models

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Experiments were conducted in accordance with the Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes and approved by the Monash University School of Biomedical Sciences Animal Ethics Committee. Female FVB/N wild-type (WT) and AT2R knockout (AT2R-KO) mice, initially established by Hein et al. [12 (link)], were obtained at 12 weeks of age (Monash Animal Services). Animals were housed in an experimental room with temperature maintained at 24°C–26°C and a 12-h light-dark cycle. Mice had ad libitum access to normal salt diet (0.26% (w/w) NaCl; AIN93M, Specialty Feeds, Australia) and water.
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7

Investigating Metabolic Modulation in Mice

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Male 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice were purchased from Animal Resources Centre (WA, Australia). A total of 10 mice were randomly allocated to one of the following groups: control, insulin resistant, probucol and metformin. The control group mice received standard maintenance chow containing 4% (w/w) unsaturated fats (AIN93M, Specialty Feeds, WA, Australia). The mice in insulin-resistant group were maintained on a high-fat and high-fructose (HF) diet containing 30% (w/w) lard, 0.5% (w/w) cholesterol and 15% fructose (SF14-088, Specialty Feeds, see Supplementary Tables 1 and2 for detail). Probucol and metformin groups received the HF diet supplemented with probucol and metformin, respectively. Probucol and metformin were incorporated in diets at 1% (w/w) or 0.2% (w/w), respectively. After 6 months from the commencement of the dietary/pharmacological intervention, all mice were cognitively assessed followed by sacrifice for sample and data collection. Mice were housed in individually ventilated cages under 12-h light/dark cycle in a temperature-and pressure-controlled environment. All mice had ad libitum access to the feed and water. All animal experiments described in this study were approved by Curtin University's Animal Ethics Committee (approval number AEC_2013_23).
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