Time-dated near-term (139–141-day gestation; term being 145 days) pregnant ewes (2 different breeds – Polypay and combination of Suffolk, Dorset, Katahdin) were procured from Maple Twig Farms (Meyersville, PA) and May Family Farms (Buffalo Mills, PA). Following an overnight fast, the ewe was medicated with intravenous diazepam and ketamine. The ewe was intubated with a 10.0-mm cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT), and general anesthesia was provided by 2–5% inhaled isoflurane. A cesarean section was performed. Fetal lambs were partially exteriorized and intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube to remove lung liquid by gravity and occluded to prevent gas exchange. Flow transducers (Transonic, Ithaca, NY, USA) were placed around the left carotid artery and the left pulmonary artery. Catheters were placed in the right carotid artery and right jugular vein for pressure monitoring and blood gas analysis. 21 (link) Pulse oximetry probe and electrocardiogram (ECG) leads were placed to monitor preductal oxygen saturation and heart rate, respectively.
Flow transducers
Manufactured by Transonic Systems
Sourced in United States
Flow transducers are devices designed to measure the rate of fluid flow. They convert the physical properties of a fluid, such as velocity or volume, into an electrical signal that can be processed and displayed. These transducers are used in a variety of applications to provide accurate and reliable flow data.
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Lab products found in correlation
3 protocols using flow transducers
1
Fetal Lamb Intubation and Monitoring
2
Fetal Lamb Intubation and Monitoring
3
Dissection Model Submerged MRI Testing
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
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The descending portion of the dissection model was pulled taut and cut to 19.5 cm length, corresponding to the length of the test construct. The aortic root, distal aorta, and arch vessels were cannulated and mounted to the test fixture using custom hose barb fittings. Silicon O-rings sealed the inner and outer surfaces of the fixture to allow complete submerging of the aorta, thereby increasing the total signal of the construct within the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnet. The inflow and outflow hose barb fittings of the test construct were coupled to an MRIcompatible mock circulation loop 10 for testing and imaging under set flow conditions (Figure 2). The system was filled with 4.5 L of blood analog consisting of a 30/70% glycerin/water solution to permit appropriate viscous properties. The MRI-compatible HeartBeat Simulator, which creates controlled filling and ejection of the left ventricular component, was set to a beat rate of 70 beats/min for all models. Stroke volumes were set individually for each aorta, ranging from 30 to 72 mL/beat. Flow transducers (Transonic Systems, Ithaca, NY) with a reported accuracy of AE4% were used to measure aortic inflow and outflow. Thirteen dissection models were created and tested using this method.
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