Echomri 3 in 1 system

To determine total body fat and lean mass, mice were placed in a plastic holder inserted into the EchoMRI-3-in-1 system from Echo Medical Systems (Houston, TX, USA).

Body composition was assessed in age‐matched backwards‐walking (bw) and normal (Norm) mice by low‐resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR; EchoMRI 3‐in‐1 system, Echo Medical Systems, Houston, TX, United States) as previously described.¹⁰, ¹¹ Four Norm males, three Norm females, four bw males and four bw females were used.

Four-week-old db/db mice (B6.BKS(D)-Lepr^db/J; stock no. 000697; Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA) were single-housed on a 12-hour light/dark cycle (07:00 to 19:00 hours light) with ad libitum access to LFD and water in a controlled-temperature room (24°C±1°C) for 1 week for acclimation. Mice were randomized to receive LFD (n=7) or LFD-GP (n=7) for 28 days. Metabolic phenotyping included food intake, body weight, body composition (EchoMRI 3-in-1 system; Echo Medical Systems, Houston, Texas, USA), and oral glucose tolerance tests, as previously described.1 4 (link) On day 29, mice were euthanized by CO₂ inhalation, followed by cardiac puncture and collection of tissues, as previously described.1 4 (link) Fecal and cecal samples were collected for microbial community profiling. Wild type C57BL/6J mice (n=10) aged 5 weeks were acclimated on LFD for 1 week and randomly divided into two groups and fed HFD or HFD-GP (n=5 per group) for 10 weeks after which mice were euthanized by CO₂ inhalation.