Agilent 1260 hplc chromatograph

The catalytic upgrading of fructose was carried out in a 50-ml autoclave with a Teflon liner. Typically, the Teflon liner was loaded with fructose (1 mmol, 0.180 g), ethanol (5 ml) as the reactant and solvent, and the UIO-66-SO₃H catalyst. Then, the reaction mixture was heated to the prescribed temperature for a desired reaction time with stirring. After finishing the reaction, the reactor was given an ice bath for rapid cooling to room temperature.
Then, the mixture products were diluted and filtered using a 0.22-μm syringe filter. The fructose and the formed products were analyzed using an Agilent 1260 HPLC chromatograph equipped with refractive index and UV detectors. The external standard method was used to analyze the substrate conversion rate and selectivity of each product, and the calculation equation is as follows: $\mathbf{F}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{u}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{s}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{v}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{s}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{n}\left(\mathbf{\%}\right)=\left(\mathbf{1}-\frac{\mathbf{M}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{e} \mathbf{o}\mathbf{f} \mathbf{F}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{u}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{s}\mathbf{e}}{\mathbf{I}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{l} \mathbf{m}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{e} \mathbf{o}\mathbf{f} \mathbf{F}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{u}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{s}\mathbf{e}}\right)\times \mathbf{100}\mathbf{\%};$
$\mathbf{E}\mathbf{M}\mathbf{F}\mathbf{y}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{d}\left(\mathbf{\%}\right)=\frac{\mathbf{M}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{e} \mathbf{o}\mathbf{f} \mathbf{E}\mathbf{M}\mathbf{F}}{\mathbf{I}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{l} \mathbf{m}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{e} \mathbf{o}\mathbf{f} \mathbf{F}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{u}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{s}\mathbf{e}}\times \mathbf{100}\mathbf{\%};$
$\mathbf{H}\mathbf{M}\mathbf{F}\mathbf{y}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{e}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{d}\left(\mathbf{\%}\right)=\frac{\mathbf{M}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{e} \mathbf{o}\mathbf{f} \mathbf{H}\mathbf{M}\mathbf{F}}{\mathbf{I}\mathbf{n}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{i}\mathbf{a}\mathbf{l} \mathbf{m}o\mathbf{l}\mathbf{e} \mathbf{o}\mathbf{f} \mathbf{F}\mathbf{r}\mathbf{u}\mathbf{c}\mathbf{t}\mathbf{o}\mathbf{s}\mathbf{e}}\times \mathbf{100}\mathbf{\%}.$