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Anhydrous organic solvents

Manufactured by Merck Group

Anhydrous organic solvents are pure, dry solvents that contain minimal to no water content. They are commonly used in various laboratory applications where the absence of water is crucial for the success of chemical reactions and analyses.

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4 protocols using anhydrous organic solvents

1

Synthesis and Characterization of ADG-2

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ADG-2 was synthesized according to the procedure [36 (link)], and the experimental section is provided in the supplementary information. As described previously [43 (link)], all reactions were performed under argon atmosphere in flame-dried glassware using dry solvents, unless otherwise noted. Anhydrous organic solvents of purity greater than 99.9% were purchased from Aldrich and used directly in the reaction. All reagents and few starting materials were purchased from commercial chemical suppliers, including Sigma-Aldrich, TCI, and Across Organics and used as received. Analytical thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on Merck aluminum sheets with silica gel 60 F254 using 0.25 mm plates and was visualized by ultraviolet light, staining with KMnO4 and ninhydrin. Column chromatography purification was performed on Merck silica gel 60 (70–230 mesh or 230–400 mesh). Bruker DRX-500 and DRX-800 NMR spectrometers were used to record 1H and 13C NMR spectra. NMR chemical shifts (δ) are denoted in parts per million (ppm) and coupling constants (J) are given in hertz (Hz). MALDI-TOF mass was recorded using a Shimadzu mass spectrometer.
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2

Cyanine Dye Synthesis and Purification

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All reagents and starting materials were purchased from commercial chemical suppliers (Sigma-Aldrich, TCI and Across Organics) and used as received. All the anhydrous organic solvents of purity greater than 99.9% were purchased from Aldrich and used directly. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on Merck aluminum sheets with silica gel 60 F254 and they were visualized by ultraviolet light and staining with KMnO4, PMA stain (phosphomolybdic acid), and ninhydrin. For the purification of compounds, column chromatography was performed on Merck silica gel 60 (70−230 mesh or 230−400 mesh). NMR spectra including 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker DRX-400 and DRX-500 spectrometer. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in parts per million (ppm) measured relative to an internal standard and coupling constants (J) are expressed in hertz (Hz). Mass spectra were recorded using a Shimadzu (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer. The cyanine-conjugated compound was purified by preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC, YL9100, Younglin, Korea) and determined to be >95% pure by analytical HPLC [C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm)]. Two different linear gradients of 0.05% aqueous TFA (eluent A) and 0.05% TFA in CH3CN (10−90 over 30 min, eluent B) were used at a flow rate of 1.5 mL per min at 25 °C.
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3

Purification and Characterization of Organic Compounds

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All reagents and starting materials were purchased from commercial chemical suppliers (Sigma-Aldrich, TCI and Across Organics) and used as received. All the anhydrous organic solvents of purity greater than 99.9% were purchased from Aldrich and used directly. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on Merck aluminum sheets with silica gel 60 F254 and were visualized by ultraviolet light, KMnO4 staining and ninhydrin. For the purification of compounds, column chromatography was performed on Merck silica gel 60 (70–230 mesh or 230–400 mesh). 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker DRX-400 and DRX-500 spectrometer. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in parts per million (ppm) measured relative to an internal standard and coupling constants (J) are expressed in hertz (Hz). Mass spectra were recorded using Shimadzu (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer.
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4

Organic Synthesis Protocols and Characterization

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As described in our previous article46 (link), all reagents and starting materials were purchased from commercial chemical suppliers (Sigma-Aldrich, TCI and Across Organics) and used as received. All the anhydrous organic solvents of purity greater than 99.9% were purchased from Aldrich and used directly. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on Merck aluminum sheets with silica gel 60 F254 and was visualized by ultraviolet light and staining with KMnO4 and ninhydrin. For the purification of compounds, column chromatography was performed on Merck silica gel 60 (70–230 mesh or 230–400 mesh). NMR spectra including, 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker DRX-400 and DRX-500 spectrometer. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in parts per million (ppm) measured and coupling constants (J) are given in hertz (Hz). MALDI-TOF mass were recorded using Shimadzu mass spectrometer. Reverse-phase HPLC analysis (RP-HPLC) was carried out at 230 nm on an Agilent HPLC system equipped with a C18 analytical column (250 × 22 mm, 10 microns). Two different linear gradients of 0.05% aq. trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (eluent A) and 0.05% TFA in CH3CN (eluent B) were used with a flow rate of 5.0 mL/min at 25 °C.
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